The Min dynasty had a vast territory, but there were not many neighboring countries on the road. In 1892, there were only six neighboring countries on the road. They were Britain (including colonies), Russia, Mexico, Vietnam, Korea, and Siam. Vietnam, Korea, and Siam were vassal states of China. They had their own kings, and above the kings was an emperor. The supreme emperor of these three countries was Vézé, the emperor of the Min dynasty.
Without plans to continue to expand, Emperor Vézé sent many envoys to various countries. Russia was undoubtedly one of the focuses. Tsar Alexander III of Russia did not directly meet the envoy of the Min dynasty. Instead, he appointed the Minister of Foreign Affairs to negotiate with the Min dynasty.
"The Min dynasty has begun to enter a period of peace." The words of the envoy were very straightforward. After the outline of the strategic direction of the Min dynasty was clearly stated in one sentence, the envoy made a series of explanations on other more detailed parts.
The foreign minister of Russia also asked him about his understanding of the peace of the Min dynasty. The Min dynasty had no interest in the ice fields of Russia. The current Tsar of Russia, Alexander III, focused on internal affairs and had no desire or courage to provoke the Min dynasty. For more than ten years, the border between Russia and the Min dynasty was very peaceful. Both sides of the negotiation thought that it was enough to continue this peace.
The diplomats of the Min dynasty were not surprised by such a development. Everyone hoped to live a good life. The Min dynasty suffered hundreds of thousands of casualties in the North American war. After four years of war, the Min dynasty's desire for peace was far greater than that of Russia. From national security, economy, and military, both sides did not think that the Min dynasty and Russia had any problems that must be solved through war. Therefore, the representative of the Min dynasty struck while the iron was hot and proposed a five-year border military notification mechanism. The military actions of China and Russia above the regimental level within 50 kilometers of the border must be reported to each other. For cross-border crimes and various insurgencies in the border area, both sides must cooperate with each other.
"Five years after the treaty is signed, if there is no objection from both sides, it will be automatically renewed." The representative of China was looking forward to this peaceful future.
The foreign minister of Russia did not have the enthusiasm of the envoy of China. The old man first stared at the envoy of China for a moment, and then asked, "Our country has deep concerns about your political system. You just mentioned the insurgencies. There are many insurgencies in our country based on your politics. You just mentioned the insurgencies. There are many insurgencies in our country based on your politics.
Of course, the Chinese diplomats had read the Russian materials and were aware of the vigorous development of the Russian Revolutionary Party in the past two decades. They also knew about the bloody cases caused by the People's Will Party in Russia, which advocated the assassination policy. Therefore, he first laughed dryly to ease the tension created by the Russia's Foreign Minister.
The foreign minister was very unhappy. The foreign minister of the foreign affairs. The foreign minister of the foreign minister of Russia had made great progress in Russian foreign affairs. The foreign minister of Russia was very unhappy. Since the abolition of serfdom and the beginning of industrialization, Russia's industrial level had made great progress on the basis of Russia itself. However, Western Europe regarded Russia as a barbaric Eastern country, and China, which was even more Eastern than Russia, was a hundred times more barbaric than Russia. However, this barbaric Eastern country was regarded by Western Europe as a much more civilized country than Russia. Russia had learned a lot of Western European diplomatic skills in its diplomacy with Western European countries, but these diplomatic skills were completely ineffective in China.
China's diplomacy was just like the Chinese diplomat with a insincere smile in front of him. As long as it was not China's instruction, the Chinese people would put on an expression of onlookers. With the current strength of China, the foreign minister of Russia could not scold them, let alone beat them. Things could not be pushed forward at all.
If the foreign minister of China could hear the voice of the foreign minister of Russia, he would probably fully agree with the foreign minister of Russia's judgment of China's "onlookers' mentality." The diplomatic field of the Min dynasty had always been a kind of onlookers' mentality, even if the new foreign minister thought at the meeting that the war was over and the spring of the diplomatic department had come. But this did not mean that the diplomats of the Min dynasty could immediately change their long-standing habits.
The People's Will Party of Russia had never had any cooperative contact with the Min dynasty officials or people. No matter how many books and pamphlets were copied from them about the political system of the Min dynasty, especially the state ownership of land, those were the political choices of the People's Will Party and had nothing to do with the Min dynasty.
In the eyes of the diplomats of the Min dynasty, the speech of the foreign minister of Russia was very unfriendly. Perhaps the foreign minister, a senior official, was overwhelmed by the actions of the People's Will Party, so he talked nonsense without thinking. However, in the eyes of the diplomats of the Min dynasty, it also meant that the senior official of Russia denied the political system of the Min dynasty. This was very impolite and even malicious in diplomacy.
In the end, the diplomats of the Min dynasty did not lose their temper, because such a thing was not a big deal for the Min dynasty. The system of Russia was very backward and reactionary in the eyes of the Min dynasty. The existence of tenant farmers was already a sin in the political concept of the Min dynasty. And the serfdom system of Russia and the various practices of protecting the interests of the landlords during the abolition of serfdom were even less appreciated by the Min dynasty. What made the diplomats of the Min dynasty most ridiculous was that Russia gave great protection to the landlords in the process of abolishing serfdom, but the landlords did not appreciate it at all. And the liberated serfs did not show any gratitude to the imperial court of Russia. All kinds of small-scale rebellions from farmers and landlords occurred one after another, echoing the Manchu Qing era, where there was no rebellion every year, and there was no rebellion every month. For the dregs, the onlookers who were powerful enough to ignore their existence had never bothered to pay attention to them.
"Do you want our country to send troops to help your country wipe out those revolutionaries? Just like how your country wiped out all the revolutionaries in Europe forty years ago. "The representative of China laughed. Russia was known as the gendarmerie of Europe, which relied on the name of suppressing revolutions in many European countries.
The Foreign Minister of Russia frowned at first, and then said in an unhappy tone, "Your Excellency must be joking!"
"You also know that I am joking. I am indeed joking, and I do not understand what the revolutionary party of your country has to do with our country. "The diplomat of China directly shirked all the responsibility.
Of course, the Foreign Minister of Russia could not say that China's system gave the rebels in Russia a direction and hope, but he could not say such words in any case. It was very shameful for one's own country to be considered not as strong as other countries. It was even more shameful to have to admit it in public. So the Foreign Minister of Russia could not help but curse in his heart, "A group of uneducated upstarts!"
The Tsar of Russia claimed to have hundreds of years of inheritance, and it was also one of the few real crowns recognized by Europe. The crown of the Emperor of the Min dynasty, Vézé, was full of gold, even more so than the crown of the Tsar. But compared with the Tsar and the Tsar's family, Vézé himself was not a noble at all, nor did he have a family. At least in the eyes of the Foreign Minister of Russia, the Emperor of China was not decent, far less like an emperor than the Tsar of Russia. This view was actually very popular among the upper class of Russia. His bloodline and background were far nobler than those of China, which made the nobles of Russia feel that they had been saved a lot.
In such a diplomatic occasion, this matter was easily let go. However, the Foreign Minister of Russia and the diplomat of the Min dynasty did not expect that at this time, several young people from Russia would appear in Nanjing of the Min dynasty. In terms of identity, they were all tea merchants of Russia. There were many kinds of tea in China, and the people of Russia had a great love for Anhua black tea. This rich tea with sugar was a favorite drink of the people of Russia.
Alexander? Ulyanov had a very nice beard, at least in the eyes of the people of Russia. To buy Anhua black tea, they had to go up the river to Changsha to buy it, but these young tea merchants were not in a hurry to get to their destination. They went directly to the Xinhua bookstore in Nanjing and stood in front of the bookshelf of politics to read carefully.
At least one-third of the political programs of the radical revolutionary parties in European countries hoped to establish a political system similar to the Min dynasty in their countries, and one-third proposed a 'new system' based on the system of the Min dynasty. The other one-third shouted that they were pure European revolutionary parties, but either they had no influence, or their political programs were a complete mess.
The People's Will Party of Russia was a political party that borrowed a lot of China's system. They had no special views on industrialization, but they advocated the violent land reform of China and hoped to establish a commune system of land owned by the people. In order to realize their ideas, the People's Will Party believed that as long as the aristocracy of Russia was solved, they could effectively promote the revolution.
The greatest achievement of the People's Will Party was to blow up Tsar Alexander II of Russia and interrupt the process of political reform in Russia. The land commune system that they expected in Russia did not appear. Instead, it allowed the imperial power of Russia to further strengthen its control over the country. Alexander? Ulyanov's father was a senior civil official in Russia, and he was very disappointed with the current situation in Russia. There were too many parasites in Russia that needed to be removed, but these parasites surrounded the Tsar and controlled the regime of Russia, making the people of Russia live in darkness and misery.
Amidst such despair, the emperor of China led his followers to use violence to sweep away all the serious diseases and establish a bright world. Ulyanov and his comrades saw hope. They had agreed to come to China in order to seek a revolutionary path. In order to complete his mission, Alexander Ulyanov had specially studied Chinese for three years.
There were a lot of books on politics in the Min dynasty, including books by Marx and Engels. Some translated classics were also among them, such as "The Utopia" from the Greek era and "The Prince" from the Renaissance era. "The Razor Theory" was also among them. Although this book was actually aimed at theology, it was also included in the books on politics.
The young people of Russia were not interested in these European books at all. They were all reading books on China, especially the books with the name Vézé in the column of the author. Naturally, there were a lot of books by Vézé in the political section, but there were more books on economics and ideology. He took out the book "The Hypothesis that Produces the Right Ideas" and flipped through it. Ulyanov couldn't help but whisper to his comrades in surprise, "There are three books in this series!"
The president once said that an army without culture was an army without fighting power. The old man had been working hard to promote the progress of China's culture all his life. Vézé didn't understand the president's philosophy at first, but when he led his old brothers in rebellion, he finally understood. And as he practiced, Vézé realized that if a country didn't have a capable hero, it was destined to perish. The heroes would definitely not submit to Vézé, but they would follow his ideals. Vézé was 100% confident in his ideas. Therefore, Vézé never hid his knowledge. He worked hard to share it with the people through books.
The series of Hypotheses for the Generation of Right Ideas has been revised three times. What Ulyanov saw was the first edition that was translated from English to Russian. After two hands, the translators continued to reduce the number of copies. The first edition consisted of two volumes, and in Russia only the first volume was available. After reading the table of contents and seeing the complete version of the three volumes, Alexander was very pleased. Ulyanov felt that this trip was really worth it.
When the young people left the bookstore, they brought several large stacks of books with them. They happily talked about sending people to China to buy books regularly. There were too many books on this group of Russian youths that had only heard of their names, but had never seen their true faces. Furthermore, there were too many books that had never been completed by this group of youths. It wasn't only Russia that blocked ideas. European countries were very vigilant about Emperor Vézé's ideas. It was almost normal for Emperor Vézé's books to be deleted.
"The History of the Land Revolution in China is in our hands. Comrades, I hope this set of books contains the real essence of the revolution. There are too many comments in the book translated by the British, and there's no part about the Land Revolution in the Min dynasty. "The Russian comrades who had benefited a lot from the history books were also very happy.
In the next three days, the young people went from high-spirited to dejected. They thought that after studying Chinese for three to four years, they could understand China and read it proficiently. But when they actually began to read, they found that although they had seen the Chinese characters before, they couldn't understand the meaning of the combination. There were no complicated words, just thousands of common combinations of words. The reader needed to be able to make the correct judgment and imagination.
"We need translators! We need a lot of translators! " Ulyanov rubbed the bridge of his nose and said in a heavy tone. With the translation, these books could be read by more revolutionary young people. But with the treasure in front of them, they couldn't go in and search for it. The mental torture was extremely strong.
"Professor! How's the translation going? "The comrade next to him asked the young man who was immersed in writing.
The "professor" looked up. He was only twenty-three or twenty-four years old, a college student, but not a professor. The reason why he was called a professor was because he knew four foreign languages, and he had studied Chinese for eight years. The only person who could still do his best to translate Chinese into Russian was the professor. In response to the anxious questioning of his comrade, the professor pushed the glasses on the bridge of his nose and said unhappily, "Even if you guys are slow, at least try to translate. Even if you guys make a mistake, I'll modify your words so that you guys can understand where the problem is. "
"It's been three days!" The young man who was scolded by the professor couldn't help but complain.
The professor rolled his eyes and said unhappily, "It will take about three years to learn Chinese to be proficient in reading these articles, and it will take about three months to come up with words that everyone can read. Are you going to choose three years or three months? "
As long as the words were reasonable, things could be pushed forward. Reluctantly, he forced himself to sit down in a cheap hotel and began to translate. It didn't take three weeks, but only three days, and he had translated the part about the Min dynasty's land revolution in the history of China's land revolution.
Although this translation was revised twice in the following years, it was the first time these young people could see the China revolution from a more comprehensive perspective, which really surprised them. The land revolution of the Min dynasty was based on the land reality of China, and the land revolution of China emphasized the attribute of land as a means of production, and all the 'rentier class' based on the private ownership of land was exposed. As a thorough land revolution, not only did it have to eliminate the private ownership of land, but it also had to completely eliminate the rentier class.
In the past, the young people of Russia only saw flowers in the fog, and only felt that it was beautiful, thorough, and magnificent. When they saw the true face of private ownership of land, they only felt that the word 'cannibalism' was written in every word. Alexander? Ulyanov was the first to speak in the midst of the silence that was about to erupt. "I finally understand why the Restoration Party of China hates the landlords so much!"
His words didn't cause a fierce response, and the young revolutionaries just nodded to express their views. Many things didn't need to be said. So many exquisite and complicated loans and ownership relationships were all thought up by various places in China in order to be able to get a share of the benefits of land ownership. Compared to these China people, the landlords who adopted serfdom in Russia were simply a bunch of brainless idiots. But in the process of abolishing serfdom in Russia, the upper class was exposed, and in that process, there were all kinds of demons and monsters that had some flavor of land relations in China.
"We must destroy the private ownership of land and implement the state ownership of land!" Ulyanov didn't say anything more. After the land revolution of the Min dynasty, land was only left with the attribute of a means of production. The state's use of land was completely based on this theory, whether it was the handing over of public grain or the later unified purchase and marketing, or even the abolition of agricultural taxes. The production of land and the supply channels of the produced crops were all a set of systematic systems. This system exposes all relief to the light of day. The author of the book commented proudly, "This system is by no means a perfect system, but it is definitely a system that can be completely discussed and calculated."
In contrast, everything in Russia was still shrouded in the dark clouds of communism. Alexander? Ulyanov felt that he had regained the confidence of the revolution. There was no reason that the problems that could be solved in China couldn't be solved in Russia.
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