A five-meter-tall stone monument stood on one side of the mountain peak. The words' Gui's Worry 'were engraved on the stone monument. The sky had already turned completely dark. Around the stone monument, black silhouettes quickly crisscrossed. When the black figures completely calmed down, the originally elegant atmosphere on the top of the mountain changed. A dignified feeling rose spontaneously, and even the air became a lot more oppressive.
There was no light on the mountain, and today the moon was hidden behind the clouds. However, the top of the mountain was still bright. Green, white, yellow, and blue, four kinds of faint light appeared around the stone tablet. It was a smoke-like atmosphere. As the light flickered, it emitted a bit of dense air.
With this not strong light, it could be clearly seen that there were four groups of people. Each group had the same number of thirteen people. The leader was an old man, and behind him were twelve men and women of different ages. Mr. Shen, who was at the foot of the mountain before, was now standing in the second place among the people in green on the east side of the stone tablet. And standing in front of him was Shen Yun's grandfather, who was also the patriarch of the Shen family in the capital, Shen Zhuo.
On the other three sides of the stone tablet, wearing clothes of different colors, were naturally the other three clans of the four oldest clans of the Eastern Guardian. Among all the Eastern Guardians, there were many ability users, and with the passage of time, only the four clans had truly developed. The four clans had integrated the ordinary guardian clans with themselves through intermarriage and various other strategies. Now, the overall strength of the four clans had occupied a decisive position in the Eastern Guardian. Therefore, today's exchange meeting between the Eastern Guardian and the Zodiac Guardian Warriors. It could be called the exchange meeting between the four families and the Zodiac Guardian Warriors.
The four families each had different abilities, but they all had a main body. The Shen family in the capital represented the Eastern Jia Yi Wood. No matter what ability, there was the aura of the wood attribute ability. The Xu family in Jiangsu represented the Southern Bing Ding Fire, the Zhou family in Guangdong represented the Western Geng Xin Metal, and the Luo family in the Northwest represented the Northern Ren Gui Water. The Four Great Clans had a long history, and each of them had a deep heritage.
That year. When the four families first appeared, they were the same as the other Eastern Guardians. They were completely the vassals of the Zodiac Guardian Warriors. Because they inherited the zodiac's ability, the strength of the Zodiac Guardian Warriors was much easier to cultivate than the ordinary guardians. The ordinary Eastern Guardians completely supported the Zodiac Guardian Warriors from the bottom of their hearts. But as time developed. When the four major families gradually appeared, this situation had gradually begun to change. The four major families were not like the Zodiac Guardian Warriors, whose zodiac abilities and bloodlines could not be passed down casually. The various abilities they possessed would follow the zodiac and become the ability of the entire family. After many years of development, the strength of the four great families had gradually become stronger, and every time the Zodiac Guardian Warriors appeared, they would need to cultivate for a long period of time before they could regain their powerful abilities. In this situation, the Zodiac Guardian Warriors were not strong yet. of the Zodiac Guardian Of the Zodiac.
The Zodiac Zodiac Guardian warriors of Zodiac Guardian warriors. Guardian warriors of. of them. of them of. of. Guardians of Zodiac Since. of the Zodiac Guardian warriors of Of. of. from, of of the Zodiac Zodiac was. and from. From then, the Guardian warriors broke. of. of. of. of the.
There were not many people from the Four Great Clans that came to Ghost's Worry, but they were all the elites of their clans. The four people standing at the very front slowly walked forward and arrived in front of the stone tablet. Luo Changxin, the Patriarch of the Northwest Luo family, smiled and said, "Brother Shen, we have come to your territory. Please take care of us.
Luo Changxin, the Patriarch of the northwestern Luo clan, who was dressed in blue, smiled and said, "Brother Shen, we've come to your territory this time, so please take care of us. Luo Changxin, the Patriarch of the Northwest Luo family, smiled and said, "Brother Shen, we have come to your territory. Please take care of us. He was the youngest of the Patriarchs of the Four Families, but he gave people a very calm feeling.
Shen Zhuo looked at Luo Changxin and cursed in his heart. This old fox was testing him as soon as they met. He said calmly, "Our Shen family is also not willing to see what happened that time. In the catastrophe that happened more than a hundred years ago, our four great clans all bear a great responsibility. When the current clan leader knew that things couldn't be reversed, it was already too late for regrets. "At this point, he let out a long sigh, and a faint light appeared in his eyes.
Xu Chengyuan, the head of the Xu Family in Jiangsu Province, said, "Although our four families are responsible for that incident, I think that it has a lot to do with the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors not being strong enough. If they were strong enough, even if they were restrained by us, they wouldn't end up like that. Although the Patriarch of that generation of the Xu family ordered us not to make things difficult for the Zodiac Guardian warriors. But I think it needs to be discussed. After all, if the Zodiac Guardian warriors are strong enough, why should we compete with them for the position of Guardians of the East? The fundamental reason is because of their own strength. " Xu Chengyuan's face was red like fire. His aura was threatening, as if the aura around his body was burning. The red light emitted from his body was the most intense.
In order to display the strength of each family, they all used their own attribute special abilities and released their energy. In such a situation, although it would consume their own energy to a certain extent, it also allowed the other families to see the strength of their own family. Xu Chengyuan, the Patriarch of the Xu family, was obviously the most powerful of the four Patriarchs, at least on the surface.
Zhou Tianlu, the Patriarch of the Zhou family of Guangdong, was the oldest of the four Patriarchs. His white hair was neatly combed. He said indifferently, "Our Four Families help each other and advance and retreat together. Brothers, you don't need to spend too much effort. Let's do it according to the plan we discussed. We won't make things difficult for them like the previous generation, nor will we easily listen to their orders. Everything must be based on strength. If they have enough strength to lead us, the Four Families are not villains who only care about their own interests. "
Shen Zhuo smiled and said, "Big Brother Zhou said it well. Since it's like this, let's go according to the original plan. More than a hundred years have passed, and the whole world is in the midst of rapid development. With the advancement of technology. The gap in strength between us ability users and ordinary people has become smaller and smaller. Think about it, the various individual weapons developed by various countries are very advanced. Although our ability users are strong, if we encounter a large number of soldiers with individual combat weapons, it will not be easy. Therefore, we can't casually hand the fate of the four great clans over to the dozen or so Zodiac Guardian God Warriors, at least not before they become strong enough.
As far as I know, the Zodiac King of this world, Kirin, is actually a hooligan.
How can we, the Four Great Clans, listen to such a person? “
"Little Gangster?" The other three Patriarchs frowned at the same time and looked at each other. Zhou Tianlu said, "Younger Brother Chen, have you already seen Kirin?" His voice had obviously changed a little. It was obvious that he had some suspicions towards Chen Zhuo.
Chen Zhuo nodded his head and said, "That's right. I have already seen this generation's Kirin. In order to find him, I have mobilized a large amount of manpower and material resources of the Shen family. Recently, my granddaughter Yun 'er found him. I have probed him before. This new Kirin is no different from the previous Kirin. In fact, he is not even as good as the previous Kirin. Think about it. How can a little ruffian work hard to cultivate? It was also after discovering his existence that I took the initiative to initiate this exchange. The purpose is very simple. It is to let these Zodiac Guardian God Warriors see the strength of our four great clans. Let them not think that our four great clans can only be their vassals. The relationship between the four great clans and the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors should have long become equal. It should even be our four great clans who become the leaders of the Eastern Guardian God Warriors. After so many years, the development of the four great clans cannot be compared to the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors who need to cultivate again every generation. We have powerful manpower, material resources, and financial resources. As long as our four great clans unite together. It is enough to contend against any enemy. "
Chen Zhuo's words could be said to have reached the hearts of the other three Patriarchs. The three Patriarchs nodded at the same time, approving his opinion.
Luo Changxin took a look at the sky and said, "It's almost time. They should be here soon. Everyone, disperse first." While speaking, he waved his hand to the clansmen behind him.
The other three Patriarchs also did the same action. More than fifty elites of the four great clans dispersed to the surroundings. The light on their bodies had also become a lot dimmer. Only the light reflected from the four Patriarchs' bodies had become more intense.
Although the four great clans were very unwilling to admit that they were the vassals of the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors in the Eastern Guardian God Warriors, the rules passed down from ancient times had always been a big stone in their hearts. Only by making the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors acknowledge their status would they be able to throw away the stone in their hearts. Therefore, the real purpose of holding this exchange was very simple. It was to use the strength of the four great clans to deter the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors who had just appeared, and whose strength was still not strong enough. Whether it was coercion or temptation, they would use various methods to make the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors surrender. At least, they would fight for equal status with the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors in the Eastern Guardian God Warriors.
The sky was still so dark. Unknowingly, a large expanse of dark clouds had already filled the horizon. Just as the Patriarchs of the four great clans were thinking about their own matters and waiting calmly … A change appeared.
A loud and clear dragon's roar resounded in the sky. The distant sound carried a strong aura of a king. The dragon's roar covered the entire Gui's Jianchou Peak. The sound waves urged the clouds to roll over, without the slightest sign of stopping.
The four Patriarchs' complexion changed at the same time. With their strength, of course they could hear the huge and pure energy contained in this dragon's roar. Without energy as a foundation, even a dragon's roar could not shock their minds like it did now.
Xu Chengyuan, who was burning with anger, coldly snorted. He took a step forward, raised his head and roared towards the sky. His voice clearly carried a bit of provocation. The roar was deep and resonant. Under the binding of the fiery red energy, the sound waves pounced towards the clouds directly above the Gui's Jianchou Peak.
When the dragon's roar and Xu Zhiyuan's voice came into contact, the two completely different sounds had a slight tremor. Immediately after, the dragon's roar was still so clear and impassioned, while Xu Zhiyuan's roar had slightly paused. Sound was also a form of expression of energy. The speed of contact was very fast. With just one collision, Xu Zhiyuan had already suffered a small loss.
The other three Patriarchs' complexion changed at the same time. They looked at each other, and Chen Zhuo said, "The dragon is indeed the strongest among the Zodiac Guardian Gods. However, it's just a dragon warrior, it's still not enough to contend against our four Great Clans. " The three Patriarchs' hearts were connected. They raised their heads and looked towards the sky at the same time. Three deep and resounding roars resounded at the same time, coordinating with Xu Zhiyuan's voice.
Wood, fire, metal, water. The four types of energy were contained in the four long roars. That was not a simple amplification, nor was it as simple as one plus one equals two. Wood, fire, metal, and water, under the combined effect of the four of them, completely displayed the relationship between each other. The four long roars, which seemed to be similar, complemented each other in the air. The sound waves combined and unexpectedly became exceptionally perfect.
Almost at the same time that the four perfect sound waves appeared, a deep and low tiger roar accompanied it. It seemed like it contained the four types of energy of wood, fire, metal, and water. When the tiger roar appeared, the dragon's roar immediately became stronger. The dragon's roar and tiger's roar accompanied each other. Although they were obviously at a disadvantage, it was not easy for the Patriarchs of the four Great Clans to suppress them. One in the air, one on the ground. The two fused sound waves continuously collided in the air. Every collision caused the entire Tianxiang Mountain to tremble.
The two sides had not yet met each other, but they had already started fighting. Although the dragon's roar and tiger's roar had weakened a lot, the wind in the air had changed. The originally dusky sky had become even more gloomy. Gusts of strong wind blew, causing the temperature of the mountain top to drop. The wind came from the dragon, and the clouds came from the tiger. The dragon's roar and tiger's roar changed the wind and clouds.
Two white silhouettes appeared in the midst of the wind and clouds.
The white silhouette on the left had a layer of sparkling and translucent white scales. Two large wings were unfolded on her back. The scales covered every part of her body. She had a white mask on her face. The mask was in the form of light and shadow. It looked somewhat illusory. The shape of the mask was exactly the same as her face. It only revealed a pair of eyes that shone in all directions. The mask covered every part of her body. The white scales continuously extended from her waist down to her short battle skirt that was only eight inches long. Her upper body was also covered with thick scales like armor, outlining the perfect curves of her chest. In the center of her chest, a milky white bead the size of a ping pong ball was constantly emitting waves of white light. She had a head full of strange blue long hair. Her long hair was draped over her back. There were two protrusions on the top of her head. The armor on her shoulders had a triangular shape. Her dragon's eyes were radiating light in all directions. They turned from blue to red, like two rubies. They formed a sharp contrast with the white scales covering her entire body. She spread her arms to both sides of her body. The sharp claws on her fingers that were three inches long flickered with a cold light.
Seeing the scales on the dragon's body, the patriarchs of the four great families felt a chill in their hearts. In the past, the Twelve Zodiac Guardian Warriors had been recorded in detail in the four great families, including the situation after the zodiac's original form had mutated. However, the zodiac dragon warrior in the sky was very different from what they knew. Moreover, the degree of mutation of its original form was very high. From the mutation, it could be seen that this dragon warrior was very difficult to deal with.
On the side of the dragon warrior, the tiger warrior, whose entire body was emitting a white halo and whose body was faintly covered with black lines, also had a pair of strange wings on his back. The tiger was originally the king of the land beasts. Now that it had wings, it was like adding wings to a tiger. Although his aura wasn't as strong and overbearing as that of a dragon, the tiger's innate aura of a king was still filled with a mighty aura.
The sudden appearance of the dragon warrior and tiger warrior, which were different from the past, immediately brought a great shock to the four great families.
The roars stopped at almost the same time. The dragon warrior's red eyes and the tiger warrior's black eyes stared down at the dozens of members of the four great families.
Chen Zhuo took a step forward and said in a clear voice, "Since we've already arrived, why don't the two of you come down?"
A cold voice came from the mouth of the dragon warrior. "The elites of the Four Great Families are all here. Do you want to repeat what happened back then?" Following the voice, two white figures fell like meteorites and landed on the peak of Ghost's Worry Peak in the blink of an eye. The place where they landed was right in the middle of the four great clans. In terms of aura, they were even more powerful than the four great clans.
Luo Changxin snorted coldly. "The Four Great Clans have never denied the mistakes of the past. In this exchange meeting, we, the Four Great Clans, hope to have a sincere exchange with the Zodiac Guardian Warriors, and strive to cooperate with each other to complete what we, the Guardians of the East, should do."
Hai Ruyue cast a cold glance at Luo Changxin. "Do you mean you want to put the cart before the horse? Since ancient times, the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors have always been the leaders of the Guardians of the East. Whether it was in the past or now, it is impossible for the four major families to stand on equal footing with us. "
Luo Changxin's words were originally just a test, but all the members of the four great families, including him, did not expect that the Zodiac Dragon would actually reject the idea that they had been hoping for so directly.
The light that had just weakened on the bodies of the four great families suddenly became stronger, forming a sharp contrast with the white light of the dragon and tiger in the center. The atmosphere suddenly became tense.
Luo Changxin was about to say something. However, he was stopped by Shen Zhuo. Shen Zhuo smiled slightly and said, "Perhaps the exchange between us will be affected because of our different ideals. However, respected Zodiac Dragon Warrior, I think that the one who can represent the Twelve Zodiac Guardian Gods should be the King of the Zodiac, Kirin. "
Hai Ruyue sneered in her heart. Shen Zhuo could be said to be a sly old fox. Once he saw that she and Xu Dong were strong, he immediately changed the topic to Kirin, insinuating that he could not make decisions for the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors. Although Hai Ruyue did not think that his actions would have any effect, she had to admit that Kirin was indeed the weakest point of the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors. Especially when the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors had just appeared.
When Shen Zhuo saw that Hai Ruyue did not say anything, his eyes could not help but reveal a glimmer of light.
"Respected Dragon Warrior, could it be that your Zodiac Guardian God Warriors look down on us so much?
Even the King of the Zodiac, Kirin, did not come to participate in today's exchange? We, the four great families, are very sincere in our exchange with the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors, I hope that you will also show your sincerity. For the sake of peace in the East, our exchange is extremely necessary. “
Xu Dong used his soft voice and said, "We, the Zodiac Guardian God Warriors, are also very sincere. Dragon and I are already here, how could Boss Kirin not come?
He has been here for a long time, it's just that you did not notice him. “
Shen Zhuo was shocked. There were so many experts from the Four Great Families here, and they had been cautiously probing for any abnormal auras in the surroundings. He was confident that even an ability user stronger than him would not be able to avoid being detected by so many ability users.
Of the East's Wood Attribute, Shen Zhuo's Wood Attribute was extremely strong. Although his attack was certainly not as strong as the Fire Attribute of the South, he was able to communicate with the Wood Attribute aura of nature, making his detection much stronger. However, no matter how much he released his Wood Attribute energy, he could not detect any suspicious auras. His eyes revealed a trace of doubt. "Zodiac Tiger Warrior, you must be joking right? Since your King of the Zodiac, Boss Kirin, is here, why don't you let him come out and meet us? Let us see if this generation's King of the Zodiac is worthy of our four great families submitting to him. "
Xu Dong smiled, but his slightly lascivious smile was hidden behind the white mask, so the members of the four great families could not see it. "Boss, come out, lest the four great families say that we, the Zodiac Guardian Warriors, are unkind."
As soon as he finished speaking, the space five meters in front of the four patriarchs suddenly distorted. In an instant, the four patriarchs all felt a unique aura. Under the illumination of the four elemental energy auras, a tall figure appeared out of thin air. The figure was over 1.9 meters tall and had broad shoulders. His entire body was wrapped in a dark red cloak, which was not very obvious in the night. Turning around, Qi Yue's face carried a trace of a mischievous smile as he nodded to the four Patriarchs and said, "Hello everyone, it's an honor to meet the leaders of the four great families at the peak of Tianxiang Mountain."
Qi Yue had indeed arrived a long time ago, even earlier than the four great families. Relying on Kirin's ability to conceal his aura, he had been quietly waiting since he arrived. He had clearly heard the conversation between the Patriarchs of the four great families. It was only at this moment, when Xu Dong pointed it out, that he retracted Kirin's concealment ability and appeared in front of everyone.
The faces of the Patriarchs of the four great families turned ugly. They naturally understood that since Qi Yue was able to appear here, he must have heard their conversation. Shen Zhuo said in a deep voice, "Mister Qi Yue, I didn't call you incorrectly, did I?"
Qi Yue faintly smiled and said, "Of course. However, the Chen family didn't expend any manpower or resources to discover my existence. Miss Chen Yun and I accidentally met each other.
That day, I met the Patriarch of the Chen family. It really made Qi Yue admire him. After not seeing him for a long time, the Patriarch looked even more hale and hearty. “
Hai Ruyue and Xu Dong each took a step forward and stood on either side of Qi Yue, faintly protecting him in the middle.
Luo Changxin said, "Since the Zodiac King has already arrived, then our exchange can also begin." The Patriarchs of the four great families were very experienced in society. After a short period of shock, they quickly returned to normal. But their gazes all fell on the cloak on Qi Yue's body.
Even if they used their feet to think, they could still figure out that the reason why Qi Yue was able to conceal his figure and aura was naturally inseparable from the ability of the cloak on his body. Especially Shen Zhuo. He had once carefully probed Qi Yue's ability. In his impression, Qi Yue's strength was far from enough.
Qi Yue shrugged his shoulders and said, "It doesn't matter! Actually, I don't understand what the four great families and our Zodiac Guardian have to communicate. Since everyone is the Guardian of the East, we should help each other. I think this is good. We also don't need to waste time saying those hypocritical words. Since the four great families are not willing to submit to our Zodiac Guardian and do not believe in the strength of our Zodiac Guardian Warriors, then I ask the four great families to send out their strongest warriors. In that case, let's ask the four great families to send out their strongest expert, and our Zodiac Guardian God Warrior will also send out one. Let strength speak for itself. Looking at the ruffian look on Qi Yue's face, the four patriarchs couldn't help but look at each other.
Looking at the ruffian look on Qi Yue's face, the four patriarchs couldn't help but look at each other. The eldest Zhou Tianlu said, "Since the Zodiac King is so straightforward, then we won't say anything else. Using strength to solve problems is indeed the best way. But before that, I have something to say first. More than a hundred years ago, when the Yanhuang Republic was in dire straits, our four great families dragged the Zodiac Guardian Warriors down, causing decades of turmoil in Yanhuang. Our four great families have dragged the Zodiac Guardian Warriors down, causing decades of turmoil in Yan Huang. This matter, our four great families feel deeply regretful. Here, on behalf of the four great families, I express my deepest apologies to the Zodiac Guardian Warriors. I hope that you can forgive the actions of our ancestors at that time. We are also willing to repent for the shortsightedness of the four great families at that time. "
Hearing Zhou Tianlu's words, Qi Yue couldn't help but have a good impression of him. He nodded and said, "Although I'm not cultured, I also understand the principle of knowing one's mistakes and being able to correct them. This matter is already in the past. As long as you sincerely admit your mistakes, we will not pursue it."
Hai Ruyue hurriedly said, "Qi Yue, this matter …" Qi Yue raised his hand to stop Hai Ruyue and said, "I know what I'm doing." His expression suddenly became abnormally serious. From his face, Hai Ruyue saw an unprecedented seriousness. Even her dragon's domineering aura was completely suppressed by Qi Yue at this moment. Qi Yue only glanced at her lightly, but Hai Ruyue could clearly feel that she seemed to have become shorter in front of Qi Yue.
The four patriarchs of the four great families revealed a trace of a smile at almost the same time. Zhou Tianlu was just about to speak, but he heard Qi Yue say, "Don't thank me for forgiving you. The Zodiac Guardian Warriors have never blamed you for anything. In this world, no one should be anyone's subordinate. It's not like the old traditions can't be broken. "
"Qi Yue." This time, even Xu Dong couldn't help but shout to remind him.
Qi Yue ignored Xu Dong and continued, "However, our Zodiac Guardian Warriors can forgive everything that the four great families have done in the past. However, the four great families should be responsible for the serious consequences that were caused by you restricting the Zodiac Guardian Warriors more than a hundred years ago. Countless ordinary people lost the protection of the Zodiac Guardian Warriors and fell into abyss of suffering. A simple apology from the four great families is probably not enough to make up for everything that happened in the past. At the same time, it is meaningless for you to seek the forgiveness of our Zodiac Guardian Warriors. What you need to strive for is the forgiveness of the descendants of Yan and Huang. " At the last few words, Qi Yue's voice became low and the light in his eyes became much sharper.
The four patriarchs' expressions changed, but they found that they actually had no words to refute Qi Yue. Even now, when they thought of the disaster caused by the catastrophe more than a hundred years ago, they still felt extremely depressed. Qi Yue was not wrong at all. It was more than a hundred years ago that the foreign invaders brought harm to the descendants of Yan and Huang. How could a simple apology from them solve the problem?
The hot-tempered Xu Zhiyuan asked, "Then what do you want us to do? Do you want the four great families to commit suicide together to get the forgiveness of the descendants of Yan and Huang? "
Qi Yue snorted disdainfully, "What's the big deal about death? Death is a kind of release. People will die eventually. No matter how powerful they are, they will one day step into the yellow earth. It's actually not difficult to get the forgiveness of the descendants of Yan and Huang. With the current strength and power of the four great families, you can make up for the mistakes of the past in many ways. Instead of making things difficult for our Zodiac Guardian Warriors, you might as well put your energy into benefiting the East. Only by continuously benefiting the East can you gradually make up for the mistakes you made in the past. As for now, if the four great families sincerely admit their mistakes, then you can face the East and kowtow to the deceased descendants of Yan and Huang in front of the Zodiac Guardian Warriors three times. "
"What did you say? You actually want the four great families to kowtow in front of the Zodiac Guardian Warriors? "A man from the Chen family angrily rebuked. This middle-aged man in his forties was precisely the Mr. Chen who was previously at the foot of the mountain.
Qi Yue didn't even look at him and said to Chen Zhuo, "The four great families have good rules!"
Chen Zhuo's face sank and said, "Yue 'er, don't be rude." Qi Yue actually didn't know that the one who angrily rebuked him was Chen Yun's biological father, Chen Yue.
Zhou Tianlu looked at Qi Yue and said, "With the mistakes the four great families made in the past, kowtowing is not a problem. I also think that what you said is very right. Instead of repenting for the mistakes of the past, it's better to make up for it now. In fact, our four great families have always been doing this. However, today is the day for us Eastern Guardians to interact with each other. This kowtow form is not needed. "
Qi Yue coldly snorted and said, "Is this your sincerity? Well, it's still the same as before. You send out the strongest one, and our Zodiac Guardian Warriors will also send out one. Whoever wins will occupy the dominant position, how about it? "
You've already exceeded your reading limit for today. If you want to read more, please log in.
Login
Select text and click 'Report' to let us know about any bad translation.
