5. From the Battle of Guangning to the killing of the "Grain Free People"
Indeed, the Ming Dynasty was financially bankrupt at that time. It was plagued by internal and external troubles. All kinds of interest groups had torn the country apart. Some people even believed that the end of the Ming Dynasty was inevitable. Therefore, "the death of the Ming Dynasty and the rise of the Qing Dynasty" was also an "inevitability." Teacher Yan Chongnian even wrote a book called "The Death of the Ming Dynasty and the Rise of the Qing Dynasty: 60 Years."
Well, the death of the Ming Dynasty was indeed an inevitability, but the rise of the Qing Dynasty was not. The period from the Battle of Guangning to the killing of the "Grain Free People" by Boar Skin was the period when the Later Jin Dynasty achieved military victory but suffered a serious political defeat. Boar Skin caused famine in Liaodong for years and people died of starvation everywhere.
The history of Boar Skin and his evil empire was basically a history of blood and slaughter.
Wild Boar Skin led his clansmen and followed behind the "villain" Li Chengliang, acting as Li Chengliang's servant army. If Li Chengliang was a big bad guy, then Wild Boar Skin would have a share of whatever bad things he did. The so-called "stabbing" of the Manchus by Boar Skin was actually just a fox borrowing the tiger's might to do evil behind the "villain" Li Chengliang, using the chicken to lay eggs and expand his own power.
The so-called "historians" of today would never let people know that Boar Skin's so-called "Eight Banners" was actually a part of Li Chengliang's family of generals. It was a minority version of the family of generals model used by Li Chengliang's Liaodong Army. With Li Chengliang's help, Boar Skin slaughtered and looted the surrounding Haixi Jurchen, Mongolians, Koreans, Han people, and Savage Jurchen. The lucky survivors who were not slaughtered were "integrated" into the "Eight Banners" model according to the family of generals model. They became his lackeys and followed him to loot other people.
The so-called "historians" of today always boasted that "Jurchen were invincible when there were less than ten thousand" or something like that. They boasted that they were "nomads". In fact, the Jurchens were not a nomadic people, but a fishing and hunting people. The Eight Banners were neither nomadic nor fishing and hunting people. They were completely different from the nomadic Jurchens who founded the Jin Kingdom hundreds of years ago. They were the slaves of the Wild Boar Skin Family, and they were the slaves of a family of generals.
Thus, while it was said that the Wild Boar Skin had 'stabbed' the Manchus, in reality, the ancestors of the vast majority of the Manchus had survived the slaughter and pillage of the Wild Boar Skin Clan. In other words, the Wild Boar Skin Clan had actually committed a heinous crime against the ancestors of the Manchus.
During this period, Mao Wenlong organized and trained the Liao people who escaped from Liaodong with the help from Mao of Boar Skin. With Boar Skin family of Boar Boar, Boar Boar Dynasty, he had built Liao Country. Since the establishment of this military town, it had not received much support from the Ming Dynasty. The grain and salary they received was only a fraction of that of the family of generals in Liaodong. They only received about one million taels of grain for several years, while the Ming Dynasty in Liaodong spent millions of taels of grain every year.
However, Dongjiang Town housed millions of Liao people. These Liao people were unwilling to be subjugated slaves and hated the Boar Skin Bandits. Under the organization of Dongjiang Town, they used all means to attack the Later Jin Army. Due to the existence of Dongjiang Town, the Boar Skin Bandits were not only unstable at the border, but also had frequent internal troubles. The Han people of Liaodong who were unwilling to be enslaved fled in large numbers and even resisted fiercely. They poisoned the Boar Skin Bandits and the "Zhishens" from time to time. Then it developed into small-scale sneak attacks, causing casualties among the Boar Skin Bandits.
At the same time, the Ming Dynasty recruited a large number of Mongols to join the Ming Army and spent money to buy the heads of Boar Skin Bandits or the "Zhishens" from those Mongol tribes who loved fighting and killing. One head cost ten taels of silver. It was not a high price, but the Mongols fought for it. For a time, the area ruled by Boar Skin was frequently attacked by the Mongol mercenaries, the Han guerrillas in Liaodong, and the guerrillas in Dongjiang Town.
Each time this kind of attack, the Boar Skin Bannermen's "Zhishens" did not suffer great losses, but the frequency was too high, it was easy to cause panic among the Bannermen. The Boar Skin Bandits were badly battered. He had no choice but to issue an order that his "Zhishens" were not allowed to travel alone, they must travel in groups of more than ten people. Otherwise, they would be fined a certain amount of silver. At the same time, he madly massacred the Han people who resisted his evil rule. Oftentimes, not only the perpetrators were implicated and killed, but the entire family was also put to death.
There was a record in the 'Old File of Manwen':
Book 39: Tian Ming, seventh year, third month.
11th.
…
On that day an imperial edict was issued, saying, "The Zhishens, Han, and Mongolia, three countries have united, but the rogues and thieves of the three countries have no fear. In the Phoenix area, the Han people saw there were few herders, so they killed them with rods and sticks. In the Gaizhou area, the number of people was counted. Because few people were sent, two people, Wuli Kan and Nazibu Niulu, were killed by the Han people. Three people from the Shanyan Island went to Guangning and were killed by the Mongols from the Wuluote country. Four families from Jinzhou were killed by the people from the Gaizhou area. From now on, the number of pedestrians must not be too few, they must travel in groups of ten people. In this way, the rogues and thieves will not dare to have the intention to kill. If there are less than ten people in a group, but nine people travel together, arrest them on sight. The fine is nine qian of silver, eight qian of silver, seven qian of silver, and one qian of silver. "
Under the combined effect of the Ming dynasty's three-way blockade, the Mongolian mercenaries' attack, the Liaodong Han people's fierce resistance with the support of Dongjiang Town, and other factors, the Wild Boar Skin Group's expansion came to an end.
The profit distribution of the Wild Boar Skin Group's zombie model was similar to the modern multi-level marketing model, where the suckers at the bottom paid the bill for the Wild Boar Skin Group, the Prince's Beilei, the bureaucrats, the Bannermen, and the traitors at the top.
Once the Wild Boar Skin Group was sealed, the suckers at the bottom could not pass on their losses to the suckers at the next level, the model would fall into paralysis and even collapse.
In the beginning, the Wild Boar Skin Group did not know the power of these tricks, and thought that the casualties were not very high. He did not care much, and even had the time to carry out large-scale construction, move the capital to Shenyang, and change Shenyang to 'Shengjing'.
However, in the face of the Han people's resistance and escape, he still took measures: killing, concentrating and moving the people. The specific measures were similar to the 'group tribes' and 'no man's land' policies carried out by the locust army hundreds of years later.
The 'Old File of Manwen' recorded:
April 12th, 16th year:
Prince Consort Li (hardcore traitor Li Yongfang) said, "You people from all over the south, why did you defect? You do not know the good and evil of Zhushen Khan. It was not like the Ming Wanli Emperor instigated Eunuch Gao to ask for silver. After we took Liaodong, we did not touch the houses you lived in, the fields you farmed, and you lived in peace. The residents along the South Sea, because they listened to Mao Wenlong's instigation, betrayed us by killing our people, we ordered them to move. Because you defected, we ordered them to move. If we do not give the people food, how can they eat dirt? Because the people have no food, we took it and gave it to them. The suffering of migration is only for one year, how can we suffer every year? Zhushen Khan and the Ming Emperor fought, whoever won would sit on the victorious Khan and live in peace. You are not a soldier, nor are you a civil or military official, you are just a common people, what crime did you commit? You abandoned your homeland, your houses, your farmlands, and fled. Who will give you farmlands? "The Minister of Fushun took this book and went to Fuzhou, Gaizhou …
This passage was recorded in the third year of the Tianqi era, but in fact, the wild boar skin's' human enclosure 'had already begun in the second year of the Tianqi era.
At the same time, because the wild boar skin was badly battered, when Wang Huazhen's entire army was annihilated in the second year of the Tianqi era, and Xiong Tingbi completely abandoned the pass and retreated to Shanhai Pass, the wild boar skin was unable to rule the newly occupied Guangning, Yizhou, and Liaoxi Corridor. The wild boar skin moved all the Han people in the newly occupied areas away.
'Old File of Manwen' (Part 1)
Book 35 Tianming, 7th year, 2nd month
On the fourth day of the second month, the Khan issued an edict to the Commandant: "The Khan went to Shanhai Pass and saw that the Thirteen Mountains, Da Ling River, Xiao Ling River, Mount Song, Mount Xing, and Mount Ta have all been looted and burned. When I arrived at Mount Ta, I saw a man on horseback and a man on foot fleeing from Shanhai Pass. They also reported that the Front Guard and Ning Transport Guard have all been looted and burned. The Khan then returned the order to Mount Ta. All the people of the Nine Guards were ordered to cross the river and move to Liaodong. The First Guard of Yizhou was ordered to move to Gaizhou. With Aita as the leader, two old guerrillas from Guangning were sent to work with the new guerrilla supervisor. The other Guard of Yizhou was ordered to move to Wei Ning Camp. The First Guard of Guangning was ordered to move to Feng Ji Fort … and the third Guard of Yizhou was ordered to move to Shenyang … "
On the seventh day of the first month,
The Great Prince Consort Dashi received a total of two thousand eight hundred and fifty men from the Right Guard City, with a total of five thousand five hundred and seventy-eight men, five hundred and nine horses, six hundred and forty-five oxen, and seven hundred and thirty-one donkeys. From the west side of Right Garrison Town, he took in one thousand six hundred and eighty-seven men, three thousand two hundred and eighty-six men, one hundred and ninety-eight horses, three hundred and sixty-five oxen, and six hundred and fifty-five donkeys. There are four thousand five hundred and thirty-seven men in the Right Garrison Guard, eight thousand eight hundred and sixty-four people in the household, seven hundred and seven horses, one thousand one oxen, and one thousand three hundred and eighty six donkeys.
On the sixth day, at dawn, he led his people and set out. He also prepared stationery, including 112 ownerless horses, cows, and donkeys, 400 pigs, 100 sheep, and 1,880 bolts of cloth. Sixty-four sets of satin clothes and two camels. There were 1,000 piles of rice on the river bank, about 50,000 stones. The granaries in the town contained 650 stones of old rice, 2 buckets, 110 stones of millet, 690 stones of black beans, 5 buckets of four liters, and 180 stones of millet.
…
Those who were unwilling to migrate were massacred by the Later Jin army.
On the seventh day of the second month.
The Great Prince and the Fourth Prince went to Yizhou and ordered the people of Yizhou to migrate. The people of the city said, "The Mongolians have stationed 20,000 troops on the border, kill them first, then we will surrender." The Great Prince was angry and attacked on the sixth day, Shen Shi conquered the city and killed 3,000 troops.
It can be said that ever since the Wild Boar Skin family came to the world, from head to toe, every pore was bleeding and dirty things.
Therefore, the Han people of Liaodong were migrated to a small area and became the serfs of the Eight Banners, under the strict supervision of the Wild Boar Skin's so-called 'Zhu Shen'. After the Han people of Liaodong were migrated, the Han people who stayed were slaughtered by the Wild Boar Skin's dog slaves. Many places where the Han people of Liaodong lived and worked, under the Wild Boar Skin's migration, became a 'no man's land' with only dead bodies and ruins, no living people or smoke.
The number of people in the Eight Banners was limited, it was certainly difficult to watch over them, so the area where the Han people lived was small, there was a serious lack of arable land. At the same time, a large amount of fertile black land in Liaodong was abandoned. This kind of measure was very similar to the 'group tribes' built by the Japanese dog bandits hundreds of years later, the man-made 'no man's land', oh no, it should be said that the anti-human crimes of the Japanese fascists were basically learned from the anti-human methods of the Wild Boar Skin fascists.
The evil rule of the Wild Boar Skin led to continuous famine in Liaodong, which in turn led to a larger scale of Liaodong Han people fleeing and resisting more fiercely.
The Wild Boar Skin was different from the Locust Army. The Locust Army's territory was far away from the battlefield, so even if the economy of the occupied area was completely destroyed, they could still transfer resources and send troops. In fact, from 1937 to 1945, not only was the Locust Army stable in their territory, even the Kang Gang guerrillas in the northeast failed because they couldn't get the support of the headmaster for a long time (this was natural, the Kang Gang was pulled together, so the headmaster couldn't support them). In the end, they retreated to Su Xiu's territory and barely maintained their existence. This caused the Locust Army to be in a stalemate in the Kang Gang War, and when they couldn't maintain their rule in the occupied area, they dared to establish a 'group tribe'. If it really couldn't work, they simply transferred their main forces to start the Pacific War, and transferred the Locust Army to fight Southeast Asia, leaving only a small number of Locust Army behind to support the Yellow Shoes Army. After all, there was still the mainland and the so-called 'Manchurian Kingdom', so they could accept their rule over northern China being ruined.
More importantly, even if the land in the northeast was abandoned, the big nuclear people could still transfer people from the mainland to form a 'development team' to make use of the empty land. Oh, right, some time ago, Fangzheng County even erected a monument for this small fry 'development team', and only Japanese were allowed to enter, not Chinese.
But Boar Skin was different. At that time, he hadn't been able to clean up the resistance of the Han people in his territory, so he could only merge villages with immigrants in all his territory and create no man's land outside the settlement. This kind of measure might have worked to a certain extent, but there was a fatal flaw. While a lot of fertile land was abandoned, the Han people's arable land was seriously insufficient. Boar Skin's' Zhishen 'population was small to begin with, and the composition was complicated. Most of them lived by fishing, hunting, or herding. Not many of them really knew how to farm. If they were asked to farm abandoned land like the' development team 'of the big nuclear people, not to mention the fact that their profession wasn't suitable, there wouldn't be enough people.
Moreover, it was the Little Ice Age, and Liaodong was also a disaster area like Shaanxi and other places. Not only was the climate cold, but the farming time was short, and there were droughts from time to time. Under thirty percent natural disasters and seventy percent war, Liaodong suffered from constant famine, and it was much more serious than the Ming Dynasty's Shaanxi and other places. From the old records I've seen, there were two such times.
The first time was in the fourth year of the Tianqi era. At that time, the price of grain was frighteningly high, one tael of silver per bucket.
At that time, Boar Skin ordered the Han people to truthfully report the amount of grain they had, and then ration it according to the population. He didn't allow the Han people to sell grain privately, and they had to sell it to the Khan's government at the lowest price. The Han people lacked grain, so they bought it from the government warehouse, one tael of silver per bucket.
Do you know what this means? Generally speaking, one stone is ten buckets, one bucket. I don't really understand the measurement of demons, but one stone of rice is at least ten taels of silver. That's for sure. In the areas controlled by the Ming Dynasty, the price of grain was one tael of silver per stone of rice. This price was quite expensive. By the time there was a famine in Shaanxi in the year of Chongzhen, one stone of rice could be sold for six to twelve taels of silver. Gao Yingxiang, Li Zicheng, and the others had no choice but to rebel.
Boar Skin's measure was similar to Second Fatty Jin's. He first fed the army, then left the civilians to die. In fact, countless Han people starved to death, but not many of his' Zhishen 'of the Eight Banners died.' One tael of silver per liter 'was the price the Han people paid for grain.
Therefore, the Han people rebelled fiercely, especially the Han people who had run out of grain. If they resisted, they would be killed, if they didn't resist, they would starve to death.
Thereupon, Boar Skin did something inhumane: he killed the 'people without grain'. Rather than waiting for the Han people without grain to rebel and then killing them, it was better to strike first and gain the upper hand, directly killing all the 'people without grain', so that they wouldn't rebel.
First, he conducted a 'census', registering the 'people without grain':
Book 60, Tianming year 9 (1624), first month.
"On the fifth day of the first month, he wrote to the ministers in charge of measuring grain: 'According to the Khan's order: Go to Ying' e, Hechemu, Muqi, Ma 'erdun, Zakumu, Fushun, Tieling, and other places of the' Five Bulls' records. You are not to separate from the people of the 'Five Bulls' records. Together, check the Han people of the 'Five Bulls' records. Those who have six or seven dou of Zhishen in their mouths are allowed to live. Those who have five dou of Zhishen in their mouths, or those who have livestock, if they are able to live, they are allowed to live. Those who do not have enough, they will be counted as the people without grain. Also, write down the number of men without grain and the number of people in their mouths, and present them to the Khan for his orders. '"
Afterwards, the wild boars began their inhumane massacre of the 'people without grain'.
Book 61, Tianming year 9, first month – sixth month.
"On the 27th day, select people to go to various places and kill the Han people without grain."
Afterwards, the Han people revolted and the Wild Boar Skin Clan's massacre continued without end. By the fifth year of the Tianqi era, the indiscriminate massacre began. The Han people who did not flee from the Later Jin's territory were almost exterminated.
Book 66, Tianming year 10 (1625), August – October.
On the fourth day of the first month, Qimana and Sunaha came to report: 'Tabai brother captured four hundred men and nine hundred households. Abai brother and Babutai brother captured two hundred men and six hundred households. ' (Original note: The so-called captured men and households were captured from the tribes along the eastern coast.)
The Khan said, "We often raise Han people, but the Han people do not stop buying sticks and sticks. Below the military commander, above the military commander, go to their respective camps. After you go, go to the Han people in your camps. As the saying goes, 'A leopard is easy to distinguish, a man's heart is hard to fathom.' For fear that you will listen to the words of crafty craftiness, you must examine them with a neutral heart. Those who use the words of spies sent by the other side to incite the local people are all officials who are not recommended by me, or former officials who have been removed from office, scholars, ministers, and the like. These people are to be screened and punished separately. (Original note: 'Punishment is to kill them.') Build cities for me, and build villages for those who are sent out on official missions. Those who have no wife, are to be raised alone, and those who should be raised, they will be given wives, clothes, oxen, donkeys, grain, and the like, and ordered to build villages. Those who should not be raised alone, and those who do not obey orders, will also be punished. Starting with the Han people in the eight beilei villages, everyone who enters the Shen family will be punished, and they will be screened as usual. Those who are absurd and disdainful of the Shen family, if they do not have or do not know anything about it, will be punished. The Ming dynasty does not have a thousand people, but now I appoint a thousand people, who have always lived in Shenyang, and whose parents are registered here, will be exempted. Although they live in Shenyang, they do not bring their parents, do not bring their wives, and only use concubines to pretend to live there, will not be allowed to live there. Xiang Wei will not live there, because the news of Yaozhou and Haizhou since the ninth month has alarmed him. Those who come to Shenyang are not allowed to live there, and they will be screened as usual. For fear that the screening will be the same as before, and they will be exempted by bribery, therefore, the people from Shenyang, Fushun, Kaiyuan, and Tieling will be screened more leniently than those from other places. Those who move from Guangning will also be screened more leniently than those from Fushun and Shenyang. There will be thirteen men and seven oxen in a village. The brothers of the village head will be counted among the thirteen men. Bring the head of the village to Shenyang and stay with Niu Lu and Ezhen's family, and the second village head's family will live together. If there is anything, order the second village head to take turns to urge them to do it, and the Shen will not interfere. The name of the head of the village, the names of the twelve men in the village, and the color of the oxen and donkeys' hair, will be sent to Zhangjing, and then the minister who will go there will make a list and bring it back. "
When they killed the Han people, the Khan ordered them to show the announcement of their incitement to rebellion and evil deeds, saying, "After I took over Liaodong, I did not kill you, I did not touch your houses and farmland, I did not invade your family's belongings, I raised them all as livestock. Such kindness unexpectedly turned out not to be true. The people of Gu He killed the people I sent and rebelled. The people of Ma Qian Village killed my envoy and rebelled. The people of Zhenjiang carried out the people I sent to Tong You Ji and rebelled. The people of Changshan Island carried out the people I sent to Guangning. The people of Shuang Shan colluded with the enemy troops and killed my people. The people of Xiuyan defected, Fei Shusheng was the first to report it. The people of Fuzhou rebelled, they led the Ming ships to come here. The people of Ping Ding Mountain killed forty of my people and rebelled. They did not remember the kindness of raising me up, they still went to the Ming Dynasty, therefore they killed the people of this sinful place. The people have lived in this place for a long time, inevitably there will be chaos, therefore they moved to the north, and were given houses, fields, food, and livestock. Although they were raised like this, they still harbored spies, accepted bribes, and defected. This year the people of Boat City, the people of Yaozhou, brought their residences to the Ming, and sent people to lure troops to come and collect them. The people of Zhangyi Station prepared sticks for when the Ming troops come and beat Zushen. The people of An Shan, Hai Zhou, Jin Chuan, Shou Mountain, and the surrounding forts all harbored spies, lured troops to come and lead them away. When we set up camp, you still killed our Zushen like this, and also prepared sticks. After we go hunting or send troops, how can you live in peace? Harboring spies sent by the Ming, accepting bribes, preparing sticks, and all kinds of other evil acts, these are the actions of scholars, relatives of officials, and former ministers outside. As for the officials in Shenyang, the people who built the city, and the people who served in the army, what harm is there in knowing? They were only killed because of your evil deeds. In short, since you do not remember the kindness of raising you up, your heart still goes to the Ming, therefore you killed the leaders of the foreigners, that is the right. Small people build the city, spies cannot be tolerated, even if they escape, it is only their bodies. Therefore you raise small people, that is the right. If the people raised are in the middle, they will be harmed by Zushen. Therefore, they will be built as Khan and Bei Lei's villages. Each village will be given to thirteen men, seven cows, and a hundred acres of farmland. Twenty acres will be the official's field, eighty acres will be provided for your consumption. "
Zhu Bei Lei said, "Han officials, I order you to bring your close relatives here, but not your distant relatives, so that they will not take the wealth and goods in vain, and thus you will lose face." The Eight Banners' ministers divided into different directions and went down to the forts to kill them. After killing them, they were screened. Those who raised them were divided into thirteen men, seven cows, and one village. Below the Zongguan, above the Imperial Guard, one village was given to the Imperial Guard. The massacre this time caused the virtuous and good scholars to be wiped out. Afterwards, for the sake of the intelligent and wise Khan's pity, the massacre was stopped. The rest of the idle scholars were investigated, good and bad. Each village was given two men, and they were exempted from military service.
6. The Joyous Ningyuan 'Great Victory'
In other words, during the period when Sun Gelao led Ma Shilong, Yuan Chonghuan, Yan Mingtai, Zu Dashou, Zhao Laijiao, He Kegang and the others to build the fort and build the cannon in Liaoxi, the wild boar skin was badly battered by the refugee guerrillas organized by Mao Wenlong and the mobilized Liao people. Moreover, there was famine year after year. Under the famine and the wild boar skin's crazy slaughter, the Han people of Liaodong were nearly wiped out.
While the wild boar skin was badly battered, the leadership in Liaoxi also began to split.
Let's talk about Sun Gelao first. The tower defense in Liaoxi … sorry, I always say it wrong. It is a tower defense project. Wherever the fort is built, the army will extend there. By the time Sun Gelao realized something was wrong, he and Ma Shilong had already boarded the pirate ship, and could not get off even if they wanted to. In the words of his friend 'Thousand Li Zhuan Jin Guan Ning Jun', it was, 'Wait until the boat reaches the middle of the river, (Liaoxi Jiangmen Group) I'll ask you whether you want to eat' Pan Dao Mian 'or' Hun Mian '. Sun Chengzong's feeling is more or less the same. '
That was why Sun Gelao desperately resigned.
Now that Sun Gelao wanted to leave, how could the Liaoxi Jiangmen Group, whose leader was Zu Dashou, tolerate Sun Gelao's white glove Ma Shilong participating in the division of Liaoxi's pay? Therefore, a large group of online commentators desperately impeached Ma Shilong, forcing Ma Shilong to take the risk of launching an attack on Yaozhou.
However, there was a very troublesome part of the battle, and that was the cooperation of teammates. Once a teammate secretly played dirty tricks, the one who was schemed against would usually die without knowing how he died.
The risky military attack was directly defeated by the deliberate trap of a stupid teammate, and Ma Shilong would definitely be kicked out. At this time, there was no need for a group of fifty cents to expose him for eating empty money.
Sun Gelao also resigned and went home as he wished. Gao Di, the Minister of War who was slandered as a member of the eunuch's clique, became the Liaodong Military Commissioner.
At that time, Sun Gelao was already sixty-three years old. According to today's standards, it was time for him to retire. However, the newly appointed Military Commissioner Gao was also in his sixties, probably older than Sun Gelao.
Gao Di took over a mess. When Ma Shilong, who was desperate, launched a sneak attack on Yaozhou, the army of Shanhaiguan was also transferred to the front. At this time, some troops were still in the Jinyou Front Line. The fortress of the Jinyou Front Line had not been repaired, so it could not be used as a tortoise shell for the Guanning "Iron Cavalry" who only dared to "rely on fortified cities and cannons". If Wild Boar Skin was unhappy and attacked, these Guanning "Iron Cavalry" who had neither fortified cities nor cannons, and did not dare to fight in the field at all, would die a terrible death. It didn't matter if they died a terrible death. The problem was that Commissioner Gao, who was in Shanhaiguan, had no troops in his hands. If they were killed by Wild Boar Skin in the Jinyou Front Line, there would be no one to defend Commissioner Gao's Shanhaiguan.
Well, to explain, about the "great victory" in Ningyuan Army, my friend arlsas007 collected and sorted out a lot of information in his post "Unveiling the Mysterious Veil of the Battle of Ningyuan Army" and made a very detailed analysis. This post is a general article, so it is impossible to write in detail. Therefore, I attached the address of his post below: If you are interested, you can read it yourself.
As a result, Gao Di withdrew from Jinyou and Yaozhou became Gao Di "wanted" to withdraw from Ningyuan Army. Therefore, Yuan Chonghuan's "sleeping alone in a lonely city" seemed "rare and precious".
There is one thing that must be mentioned. When Sun Gelao launched the sneak attack on Yaozhou, he hoarded 300,000 dan of military rations in the Right Garrison for the Ming army who was preparing to attack. Now that the Ming army had lost the battle, there was only the Three-forked River between the Right Garrison and the Later Jin. It could be said that it was under the nose of the Later Jin. Once the Three-forked River froze in winter, the Later Jin army could rush over.
Gao Di withdrew from Jinyou and Yaozhou. Yuan Chonghuan, the commander of the Right Garrison, Jin Qiliang and Ning Qianbing, firmly opposed it. He sang it louder than anyone else: "The art of war is to advance and not retreat".
When cultured people are bad, they can be very bad. It was clear that the army on the Right Garrison did not have a qualified fortress to act as a turtle shell, and Yuan Chonghuan himself had been working outside the Great Wall for a long time. He could not be more familiar with these situations. It was Yuan Chonghuan himself who proposed the idea of "relying on fortifying the city walls and using cannons". Now Yuan Chonghuan was loudly proclaiming that he wanted the Ming army on the Right Garrison to have "the art of war is to advance and not retreat". He occupied the moral high ground. Even if Gao Di wanted to forcefully withdraw from Jinyou and Yaozhou, he could not say that Yuan Chonghuan's "the art of war is to advance and not retreat" was wrong.
After a series of wrangling, a few months passed. In the end, the troops on the Right Garrison were withdrawn. The rations at the Right Garrison were not withdrawn. The art of war is to advance and not retreat?
Did Gao Di give the order to withdraw the rations? Yes.
Did the rations withdraw? No.
Gao Di gave the order to withdraw the rations, but the rations were not withdrawn. What was the reason? Was it because the art of war was to advance and not retreat? Then he had to find the person responsible for withdrawing the rations.
Where was the commander of the Right Garrison, Jin Qixing, who was responsible for withdrawing the rations? During the battle of Ningyuan, he personally fired the cannon and was killed by the recoil of the Red Barbarian cannon. Dead men tell no tales.
As a result, the 300,000 dans of rations at the Right Garrison was like a naked beauty lying under the eyes of the wild boar skin. It was obvious that he was luring the wild boar skin to make a mistake.
And at this time, the wild boar skin was worrying about the famine in his territory for years after years. He was worried about the situation of the rations being sold at the price of drugs. There was 300,000 dans of rations in front of him. Therefore, the wild boar skin did not hesitate to pounce forward.
After this battle, Yuan Chonghuan said this:
"… Ever since I went to the Autumn River, they observed my actual situation. Therefore, they turned out their whole nest to invade. They regarded the tiny Ningyuan as meat on a chariot. When the troops passed through the Right Garrison, they did not know that I had withdrawn first. They said that I was afraid and fled first. Therefore, they did not have any misgivings and went straight to the city walls of Ningyuan. I then stopped the banners and stopped the drums. I stayed in the city as if there was no one there. They retreated and joined forces to attack. Who would have known that I was well prepared and attacked with all my might. Therefore, I was caught unprepared and lost … "
What a good 'they did not know that I had withdrawn first'. Where did the previous' Art of War only advance and no retreat 'go?
Okay, let's put this matter aside for the time being. Even if Yuan Chonghuan let the troops on the Right Garrison and Right Garrison 'withdraw first', why didn't the rations of the Right Garrison 'withdraw first'?
It must be known that the first thing to do when "luring the enemy deep in" was to fortify the walls and clear the field. They could not let the enemy obtain food and supplies on their own territory. Only in this way could they lengthen the enemy's supply line. Only then would they have the opportunity to concentrate their forces and defeat them one by one. Putting aside the "great victory" of Ningjin, the "great victory" of Ningyuan Army was in front of them. As soon as Wild Boar Skin sent out his troops, they robbed the military provisions of the Right Village and stored a large amount of military provisions at the front line. What kind of "retreat" was this?
Speaking of which, for the past few years, the rations in Liaodong were sold at the price of drugs. Although the wild boar skin robbed the right garrison of 300,000 dans of rations as soon as he sent out his troops, he was still not satisfied.
After some calculation, the 300,000 dans of rations seemed to be a little insufficient:
One dans was calculated according to 120 jin, so 300,000 dans was 36 million jin. At that time, food was scarce in Houjin, so they had to eat sparingly. Each person ate one jin a day. Houjin Zhushen had a population of less than 300,000. Based on 300,000, they had to eat about 300,000 jin a day, which could last them for about 120 days and about four months. If they tightened their belts and drank a big pot of plain water, they could barely last them for half a year. In addition to the local production in Liaodong, they had to rob some livestock from the Mongolians and eat it.
Didn't they say that the Jurchen people were fishermen and hunters? Didn't they fish and hunt? Sorry, you have to ask the wild boar skin about this. The Eight Banners he established were neither nomadic nor fishing and hunting people. They were the minority version of the family of generals. The former nomadic Mongolians, the fishing and hunting Jurchen people of Jianzhou, and the Haixi Jurchen people were all enslaved by him into the Eight Banners and became his domestic slaves. They could not fish and hunt, nor could they be nomadic. Moreover, they had not learned how to farm. The Han people of Liaodong were not willing to be slaves, so they fiercely resisted and fled.
Therefore, the wild boar skin could only take his Eight Banners to rob everywhere.
Since three hundred thousand stones was not enough, then he would continue to rob, oh, no, continue to advance.
Let's look at what the Ming side's historical records said:
Liaodong Jinglue Gaodi Tang reported: On the twenty-third day of this month, the Da Ying Da Zi all went to Ningyuan County to camp for a day. On the twenty-fourth day, they attacked the southwest corner of the city. Countless were killed with cannon. The thieves attacked the south corner again. They pushed carts to cover the city and used axes to chisel the city wall several times. Daoist minister Yuan Chonghuan tied firewood, poured oil, mixed it with gunpowder, tied it with iron ropes and burned it until the second watch before they retreated. He also selected fifty strong subordinates to use cotton, gunpowder, and other materials to burn the thieves' chariots. Today the slaves and the thieves saw that they were camping at the Longguan Temple, five li southwest of the city, with about fifty thousand riders. The Longguan Temple stored grain and stored rice and transported it to Juehua Island. The rotten rice left behind was burned. The ice on the coast near the island was broken, so that the thieves could not cross the sea. After the thieves retreated, Minister Yuan sent Jing Song and Ma Yougong down from the city wall to report the situation. Received the imperial edict: Ningyuan County General resolutely defended, killed many barbarian soldiers, burned their chariots, the thieves' front retreated slightly, deeply comforted Zhen. He also ordered the Supervising Zongzheng Town's ministers to send reinforcements, to advance and stop at the right time, to ensure complete victory. 'Ming Xizong's True Records', Volume 67, Tianqi sixth year, first month Xin Wei (27).
At this time, Liaodong Jinglue Gaodi was at Shanhai Pass, two hundred li away from Ningyuan County's front line. Not to mention that Gao Jinglue did not have Qianli Yan, he could not see things two hundred li away, nor could he command them. Ningqian Army Preparation Department, two hundred li away, Yuan Chonghuan would not listen to him. Therefore, Gao Jinglue was only a messenger, passing on Yuan Chonghuan's message to Tianqi.
Then, according to this paragraph, "The Dragon Palace Temple collected grain and hoarded rice and transported it to Juehua Island, leaving behind rotten rice to be burned, the ice on the coast near the island will be broken, the thieves will not be able to cross the sea. After the thief retreated, Minister Yuan sent Jing Song and Ma Yougong down from the top of the city to report the situation … "The good rice from the Dragon Palace Temple was' transported to Juehua Island ', the remaining rotten rice was burned. This is great, even if someone embezzled the grain, the traces would be wiped clean. Those were rotten rice, burned, so that the dead could not testify.
After that, Minister Yuan began to arrange the defense of Juehua Island, "The ice on the coast near the island will be broken, the thieves will not be able to cross the sea." From this order, the sea surface of Juehua Island was frozen. From the time the ice was broken to the time the 'wind and snow were bitterly cold, the ice was broken again' happened in one or two days. In any case, Minister Yuan was only in charge of the order, whether the order could be carried out or not was up to the soldiers. In the end, Gao Di reported to Tianqi, "When I first heard the slave reported that I had crossed the river, I immediately ordered the general of Juehua Island to cut the ice to defend himself. The wind and snow were bitterly cold, the ice was broken again, the slave soldiers suddenly arrived, many of the generals died."
The original text read, "Gao Di also wrote: When I first heard the slave reported that I had crossed the river, I immediately ordered the general of Juehua Island to cut the ice to defend himself. The wind and snow were bitterly cold, the ice was broken again, the slave soldiers suddenly arrived, many of the generals died. The rice and beans of Burning Dragon Palace Temple were strange, Juehua agreed. I received the decree: grain, boats, equipment, and those who should be punished and compensated must be investigated. "The Records of Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty, Volume 68, Year 2 of Tianqi (22).
The wild boar skin only attacked Ningyuan City for two days, when it found that the sea around Juehua Island was frozen, the sea was no longer an obstacle, so it turned to attack Juehua. At this time, the soldiers and civilians on Juehua Island were still fighting against nature according to Minister Yuan Bingbei's order. The ice was broken and frozen again, and then continued to be broken, seriously exhausting their strength. When the Later Jin army arrived, they did not even have the strength to resist. As a result, the soldiers and civilians on the island were killed three times by the Later Jin army.
Juehua Island was the main logistics base of Liaoxi. The navy was located there, and the money and supplies were stored there. Juehua Island was wiped out by the Later Jin army, and all the money and supplies were robbed by the wild boar skin. The quantity of these things far exceeded the transport capacity of the Later Jin army of 130,000 soldiers. The wild boar skin was robbed, but they could not take it all away, so they could only light a fire that could not be taken away.
At this point, Yuan Fen was probably going to curse, "Jia Laoliu! You have a bad conscience!! " Why didn't you write about the spectacular battle scenes, but specifically write about the places where the Ming side lost, such as the right village's grain was robbed, and Juehua Island was killed three times? Those were all flaws, but the flaws did not obscure the beauty! No matter how much food was lost, and no matter how many people died on Juehua Island, it could not cover up the glorious victory of Ningyuan City's "great victory" of more than 200 people!!!
In response, Laoliu could only excerpt a description of Ningyuan City's "great victory" on the "Chinese Inspirational Network":
On the 24th, under the command of Nurhachi, the Later Jin army launched a fierce siege on Ningyuan City. Yuan Chonghuan personally commanded the Ming army. They drew their bows and fired all kinds of firearms to attack the Later Jin army. When the battle was fierce, arrows and cannons were fired from the city walls like raindrops. Many of the Later Jin army were killed or wounded. Nurhachi personally supervised the battle, trying to break through the city walls. The tenacious Later Jin soldiers, with shields on their heads, braved arrows and cannons, and brought siege equipment with them. When the front line fell, the rear line would rise again. No one dared to retreat. Although the Ming army was brave, the cannons and cannons in the city were limited, and they could not count on Gao Di to send reinforcements. Under such circumstances, Yuan Chonghuan believed that the Ming army could win the battle quickly. He ordered the cannoneers to aim at the places where the Later Jin army was concentrated and fire. At the sound of the cannon, smoke and fire rose into the sky. The flesh and blood of the Later Jin soldiers were scattered and fell down one by one. By this time, the sky was getting dark. In the smoke, the Later Jin army's attack was temporarily repulsed.
…
The next day, Nurhachi organized his superior forces and ordered his soldiers to put on armor and shields, launching another powerful attack on the Ming army. The two sides fought fiercely for a whole day. The Later Jin army used all kinds of siege methods and the Ming army tried their best to defend. The arrows of the Later Jin army flew over the city walls like locusts, followed by a large number of troops. The Ming generals could not wait and hoped that Yuan Chonghuan would quickly order the cannons to fire back. But Yuan Chonghuan was very calm and gently waved to them. The Later Jin army continued to move forward. Yuan Chonghuan watched from the parapet wall. When the enemy swarmed closer, he shouted, "Fire!" In an instant, the sound of cannons shook the sky and a large number of Later Jin soldiers fell down. Those who were lucky enough to not be hit hurriedly turned around and ran for their lives. They ran into each other and trampled on each other. Nurhachi was also seriously injured in the fierce battle.
The Later Jin army had been defeated. Nurhachi could not continue to attack the city, so he had to order a retreat. Yuan Chonghuan took advantage of the situation and led his troops out of the city. They chased for 30 miles and killed more than 10000 enemies before returning to the city. Nurhachi ordered the remnants of the Later Jin army to retreat to Ai Ai Ai Castle, 40 miles away from Shenyang, and then stopped …
The website also attached a picture: General Yuan firmly said, "If I die, I will die here and never leave Ningyuan!"
How about it? The scene should be exciting enough. It should be exciting enough. But it was a pity that the fake could not be real. Not to mention that Yuan Chonghuan's official position at that time was Ningqian Army Preparation Department, a civil official, but the General Yuan in the picture was dressed like a general. According to my friend, Hall Master Kui Yuan, the 3,600 strikes were destroying the supervisor's body and insulting the supervisor's soul to treat the supervisor as a general.
Then look at this sentence: "Where the cannons sounded, the smoke rose into the sky, the flesh and blood of the Later Jin army scattered and fell down one by one …"
The solid bullets fired by the Red Barbarian Cannons had no explosive effect at all. It was possible for the Hou Jin soldiers to fall one line at a time, but it would be nonsense to say that they fell one by one.
The last sentence: "Yuan Chonghuan took advantage of the situation and led his troops out of the city. They chased for 30 miles and killed more than 10000 enemies before returning to the city." Perhaps even Yuan Fen next door would not dare to say this. As for the last sentence: "Nurhachi ordered the remnants of the Later Jin army to retreat to Ai Ai Ai Castle, 40 miles away from Shenyang, and then stopped", it seemed that something was wrong … Well, the fact that Juehua Island was destroyed by Sanguang was left out.
Lao Liu really could not write such a "vigorous" description of the war scene. It was not that Lao Liu's writing style was bad, but Lao Liu did not have the thick skin to invent history and make things up without any historical evidence.
There was such an episode in the "great victory" of Ningyuan Empire. It said: "There is a historical record: Western cannons hit the Yellow Dragon Curtain and wounded a leader. He was wrapped in red cloth and the soldiers carried him away, crying loudly."
Look carefully, this paragraph says "injure a leader".
Xizong's record said: "Third Master Gao Di reported that the slave thieves attacked Ningyuan Empire and killed a leader with a cannon. He was wrapped in red cloth. The thieves carried him away and cried loudly. "
As everyone knew, Boar Skin died eight months after the battle of Ningyuan Empire. Whether he died of illness, old injuries, or lead poisoning, he did not die on the spot. Therefore, Gaudi's statement of "killing a leader with a cannon" could not be used by some historical inventors to prove that Yuan Chonghuan injured the wild boar's hide and caused its death eight months later. So, I don't know what happened in the middle, but what we can find on the internet is "injuring a big boss." Then, those historical inventors used their creativity and said that this "big boss" was the wild boar skin himself.
If you do not believe me, you can search for "Western cannons hit the city … wounded a leader … cried loudly." You will find that this paragraph was written by Teacher Yan Chongnian in "Talking about the Twelve Emperors of the Qing Dynasty". The original text was:
The Later Jin general held a sword and drove the soldiers forward. When they were near the city, they retreated in fear of the cannon. There is a historical record: Western cannons hit the Yellow Dragon Curtain and wounded a leader. He was wrapped in red cloth and the soldiers carried him away, crying loudly. There are different views on the above historical records in the Qing Dynasty. Some scholars believe that this "leader" is the Khan of Destiny Nurhachi …
In Gao Di's original text, he scolded the soldiers of the Qing Dynasty as "bandits". Perhaps Teacher Yan Chongnian thought that Gao Di was "destroying the unity of the nation", so he reverted the "bandits" to "soldiers". If it was just like that, I, Lao Liu, would accept it. But this was clearly "killing a leader", but now it has become "injuring a leader". Towards this kind of act of tampering with history, I, Lao Liu, only have three words to say: Damn it!
As the saying goes, it is easy to start a rumor, but it is hard to refute it. Teacher Yan Chongnian, who praised Yuan Chonghuan as a "national hero", only needed to change "killed" to "wounded", and he could insist that the so-called "leader" was Boar Skin himself. But it was also a coincidence that Yuan Hei, called Didi AR, turned over countless stones. He claimed that he was "randomly flipping through the" Siku Quanshu ", and when he saw the historical records about the Ming Dynasty, he casually clicked on it and unexpectedly found this thing. What an unexpected harvest. "
VII 、 Moving Towns and Fattening Bandits
As mentioned earlier, Emperor Tianqi and the 9000-year-old and 8000-year-old female ghost knew that the officials who lost the war due to corruption should have been punished, removed from office, and held accountable, but they could do nothing about it. They could only record this group of losers and promote them. Not only did the corrupt officials of the Liao Fu interest group not appreciate it, but they also thought that corruption was not wrong, and that the defeat was justified. In the war of Liaodong, step by step, they played more and more outrageous tricks.
Yuan Chonghuan took the lead, and a group of Liaoxi Generals' Army played a farce in the court to make Mao Wenlong "move towns".
The Minister of War Wang Yongguang replied to Yuan Chonghuan's letter, saying that Marshal Mao was close to Korea and far away from the slaves. The requested military supplies such as lead and gunpowder were fifty thousand taels of silver, which were urgently needed, so it was appropriate to half. The reward of work was one hundred thousand taels of silver, and the internal and external yamen who assisted the army could use it. The horses were two hundred thousand taels of silver, which were used to train the soldiers. However, there were many horses and many skeletons in the city. Li Bingcheng fled and was greedy, so he asked questions, and then went to patrol the pass, and quickly reported the achievements of the civil and military officers guarding the city of Ningyuan. It was written. "Ming Xizong's True Records", Tianqi's sixth year, February 25th.
Yuan Chonghuan went into battle bare-chested, advocating to cut Dongjiang Town's provisions and supplies by half.
Then, the Liao Fu interest group's navy, Xue Guoguan, who was the one who praised Yuan Chonghuan after Tianqi's death, took five cents and started a rumor in the court that Mao Wenlong had "invaded Ningyuan for three months, but Mao Wenlong didn't know. How could he be restrained? According to the Xumi Island where I live, it's more than two thousand miles away from the slave stockade, and it's the same to Ningyuan, far away … "
A lie was a lie, and a lie without common sense. When Xue Guoguan took the money to post, he didn't even have the basic common sense. Looking at this sentence, "According to the Xumi Island where I live, it's more than two thousand miles away from the slave stockade", what kind of concept was this? My friend "Thousand Miles Turn to Guanning Army" said sarcastically, "Go find a map of China, starting from the place closest to Pi Island, with two thousand miles, which is a radius of one thousand kilometers, you can circle Mao Wenlong's hometown, Hangzhou. Could it be that Mao Wenlong went to his hometown in Hangzhou for vacation?"
When Old Six heard this, his first reaction was that he didn't believe it. How could the Liao Fu interest group's five cents make such a mistake?! So he searched everywhere and finally found the original text:
Xue Guoguan, the Minister of War, said: The slave chieftain has been lying low for several years, and Mao Wenlong is confident that he can restrain them. Unexpectedly, in the first month of this year, the slaves turned out to invade. Although they were slightly defeated, they attacked and looted. They were free and unfettered in the mainland for more than twenty days, and did not have the intention to stagger back. They returned to the east, practiced in Shenyang, and tried to succeed again, as if they did not know there was someone restraining them. According to the Tang newspaper, they reported what happened in the tenth month of last year. They did not hear anything about the situation of the invasion. They said that the detective is the most accurate, plotting in the morning and plotting in the evening. They asked His Majesty to instruct Wenlong to restrain them. His Majesty, if they can control the slaves, they will not dare to go west. Their merits will be clear to the world. Otherwise, they will only be captured sporadically, and there will be no research and investigation. What good will it do for the great matter of the border? In the future, if they are not the leaders of the river, they will not be able to report it lightly. Received the imperial edict: This was originally about offering prisoners of war. There was an imperial edict before, only the real leaders of the river cannot be disrespected lightly. Today, Deng Lai Inspector-General is investigating and punishing them, they are not allowed to kill the innocent. The slaves have already invaded Ningyuan for three months, but Mao Wenlong did not know about it. How can they restrain them? According to the Sumeru Island, it is more than two thousand li away from the slave stockade. It is also the same to Ningyuan. Mao Wenlong should examine the report himself and plan for an end. He should not offer prisoners of war to avoid responsibility. "Ming Xizong's True Records", Tianqi sixth year, April 7th. Then,
Yuan Chonghuan, who had been promoted to Liaodong Inspector-General, personally advocated moving the town:
Yuan Chonghuan, the Inspector-General of Liaodong Inspector-General, said: Mao Wenlong should be near Liaodong, not near fresh food. However, it is better to move the document inside than to stay outside. The water can be swept three forks, the land can be whipped four guards, the imperial court can fold a piece of paper and call for help. Shi Ke is at peace, it is better to see than to hear. If you want Wenlong to be used, it is not enough to make him use himself. Send someone to discuss with Wenlong and choose to move. It is better to be near than far, it is better to be fast than late. His Majesty set the time limit, there is no need to sit in a place. After the settlement and gathering, your subject will immediately learn the law of sentries, and the boat masters will come and go to familiarize themselves with the sea. Below. "Ming Xizong's True Records", Tianqi sixth year, May 7th.
It is said that a treacherous official once summed up a theory: never be too far away from the emperor. If you are close to the emperor, you can blow wind to the emperor and abuse your enemies. If you are far away from the emperor, when you know the news, the situation is almost over.
The farce of 'moving the town' after Ningyuan's' great victory ', the people involved were: Wang Yongguang, Yuan Chonghuan, Yan Mingtai, Xue Guoguan … There were not only high-ranking officials but also close officials of the emperor. Mao Wenlong was far away overseas and did not hear any news at this time. Fortunately, there was still a Marquis in the imperial court who was nosy. Li Chengzuo, the Marquis of Qiancheng, firmly opposed moving the town:
Li Chengzuo, the Marquis of Qiancheng, said: I recently read the court bulletin and saw that Marshal Mao has a proposal to move the town. But once Tieshan is moved, Korea will be isolated and weak. The slaves will be forced to annex it and the slaves will have no scruples. Kuang Tieshan has a total of 700,000 to 800,000 soldiers. They have lived in peace for a long time. Once the proposal is moved, I am afraid that the treacherous people will stir up trouble and disaster will happen. How can we not think about it? Since it is said that if Tieshan spends money on rations, then move it, how can we fight on an empty stomach? Yes, there is a way to control it, not to move the town, but to shake it. I only hope that Your Majesty will order an important official to help Wenlong, supervise his army, supervise his advance, take revenge and recover his land. Let the Ministry of War see. [Ming Xizong's True Records], Tian Qi seventh year, fifth month, 12th day.
After tearing it up, the Viceroy of Ji Liao, Yan Mingtai, who drank chicken blood with Yuan Chonghuan and later with Yuan Chonghuan, wrote this:
Viceroy of Ji Liao, Yan Mingtai, wrote: Your subject received a report and saw Li Chengzuo, the Marquis of Qiancheng, saying that Mao Wenlong should not move the town. But this is not your subject's intention. Recently, there is a kind of profit-seeking person who sees Korea as a rare commodity. Using Wenlong as a red flag, riding on the waves as a shortcut, they recruit the nobles and the lowly. They are afraid that once Wenlong moves, they will monopolize everything. Therefore, they are lobbying for Wenlong, but in fact they are doing it for their own personal gain. Your subject is enthusiastic, listening to their words, I am overwhelmed by my personal worries and fall into their trap without knowing it. Yi! Your subject is deeply moved by this. Since the founding of our dynasty, when has the prosperity of military and military been disgraced? But there has never been a long time of using troops, spending money and yet success is as difficult as the east. The root of the problem is that there are two kinds of people and people have two kinds of hearts. There are people who want to kill slaves, there are people who do not want to kill slaves. Those who want to kill slaves are afraid that they will not be destroyed and will harm the country. Those who do not want to kill slaves are afraid that they will not be born and will benefit themselves. Since the opening of Jiangdong Road, it is difficult to distinguish the real from the fake. The advantage of the slave chiefs' guns and cannons is shared with us, but where does the yellow nitre come from? Spies spread across the sea and lose to the slaves in the market, who knows? Who is the one who forbids it? Now that we want to change, we say that it is inconvenient, but it is not yet done. This success or failure is a great concern for our safety. Your subject hopes that Your Majesty will resolutely and heroically make a decision, not to be confused by others. This is why people of the past succeeded in breaking Cai's merit and are now blind. Received the Imperial Edict: Teacher Mao's place of residence is still under consideration. Firearms are China's specialty. Recently the sea ban has been relaxed. Scoundrels use the name of the east town to smuggle yellow nitre, iron and other prohibited goods and sell them to foreigners, hoping for great profits. There is no way to ridicule them, it is against the law. In the future, we will investigate and strictly reprimand them. Ming Xizong's True Records, Tian Qi sixth year, fifth month, 24th day.
Pay attention to this paragraph:
But there is no one who has used troops for a long time, who has wasted a lot of money and succeeded as hard as the east. The root of the problem is that there are two kinds of people, and people have two kinds of hearts. There are people who want to kill the slaves, and there are people who do not want to kill the slaves. Those who want to kill the slaves are afraid that they will not be destroyed and will harm the country. Those who do not want to kill the slaves are afraid that they will not be born and will benefit themselves. Since the opening of Jiangdong Road, it is difficult to distinguish the real from the fake. The slave chiefs' guns and cannons are shared with us, but where does the yellow nitre come from? Spies spread across the sea and lose to the slaves in the market, who knows? Who is the one who forbids it?
In this paragraph, the eunuch's clique Yan Mingtai finally said something human. He revealed a key issue that everyone knew, but no one dared to say. Raising bandits to fatten themselves. However, he played a groundless game, pointing the spearhead at Mao Wenlong through insinuations.
If it was the work of raising bandits to fatten themselves, Mao Wenlong was a suspect. The Liaoxi Family of Generals was also a suspect, and more so, because Mao Wenlong's salary was only a fraction of that of the Liaoxi Family of Generals.
However, one of their spokesmen, Yan Mingtai, the Governor of Jiliao, only pointed the spearhead at the enemy of the Liaoxi Family of Generals, Dongjiang Town. Thinking back to before, everyone was eating and drinking the blood of the soldiers, but the only one who was impeached was Ma Shilong, a dissident of the Liaoxi Family of Generals. Zu Dashou and the others were not in trouble at all. Many things were clear at a glance.
Yan Mingtai's intention was extremely vicious, but he did not dare to directly say that Mao Wenlong was raising bandits to fatten himself. He only dared to say that "the scoundrel used the name of Dongjiang Town to smuggle yellow nitre iron and other prohibited goods and sell them to foreigners." Because he definitely had no evidence, he could only mislead with words to make Tian Qi's infinite imagination. Tian Qi was not sure what Yan Mingtai thought. He guessed that Yan Mingtai spoke carelessly and accidentally spilled the beans. The result was the opposite of what he wanted. While Tian Qi suspected Mao Wenlong, he also suspected the people of Liaoxi.
When Mao Wenlong found out that he was drowned by a bunch of people's saliva, it was already late May of the sixth year of Tianqi more than a month later. When Mao Wenlong's rebuttal appeared in front of Tian Qi, it was already the 25th of August. Another few months passed. Fortunately, although Tian Qi's geography was not very good (Xue Guoguan's so-called "two thousand li" made Tian Qi dizzy), he was not stupid. Finally, the matter of moving the town came to an end.
Mao Wenlong, the military commander of Pingliao, said: The Ministry of War has a brigade overseas specially to contain one person. You received the Ministry of War's report, saying that the slaves have already invaded Ningyuan for three months, but this official did not know. This official sent a report in October last year, saying that the slaves will invade Youtun and other places on a large scale around the Lantern Festival, so it is better to be on guard. On the 20th of the first month of this year, we will send troops from Yuncong Mountain to attack Haizhou, trying our best to contain them. Unfortunately, we do not have enough rations and cannot hold off the bandits for long. The Ministry of War also said that the Xumi Island where I am stationed is more than two thousand li from the slave stockade, and wants this official to move closer to the island. Xumi Island is less than a hundred li from the main road to Yizhou. Yizhou and Zhenjiang are opposite each other, only three or four li. Zhenjiang to Liaoyang is three hundred and sixty li, and Xumi Island is within five hundred li from the slave stockade. The same is true for Tieshan Road. Today it is said to be more than two thousand li from the slave stockade, I wonder why this official lied? In military matters, the heart of the people is the second. In terms of the heart of the people, Ningyuan and Liaoyang have few troops, Xi Jiang has many troops, Dongjiang is isolated overseas, there is no place to retreat, it is the heart of the people. In terms of the terrain, Ningyuan to Liaoyang and Pan are wide and flat roads, there are no dangerous places to hide, it is difficult to launch surprise attacks. Dongjiang is a dangerous mountain, it can be used to create doubts, surprise can be used to win victory, although it is difficult to provide aid, the rules of war must be advanced, the recovery is ultimately Dongjiang, half the work is twice the result. Received the decree: Shu said that the heart of the people is very clear, there is no need to move. "Ming Xizong True Records", Tianqi sixth year, August 25th.
The matter of moving the town was no longer aimed at Mao Wenlong alone. From the proposals put forward by Wang Yongguang, Yuan Chonghuan, Yan Mingtai, Xue Guoguan and the others, they were determined to destroy Dongjiang Town. In that case, what on earth did Mao Wenlong single-handedly build Dongjiang Town do to anger the people? Then he must first understand some things about Dongjiang Town.
VIII, Mao Wenlong Courting Death (I)
Mao Wenlong, courtesy name Zhennan, Han nationality, ancestral home of Taiping County, Pingyang Prefecture, Shanxi (now Xiangfen County, Linfen City, Shanxi), grandfather Mao Yushan moved his family to Hangzhou. On the 11th day of the first month of the fourth year of the Wanli calendar (February 10th, 1576), he was born in Zhongxiao Lane, Qiantang County, Hangzhou. When he was nine years old, his father Mao Wei passed away, his family fell into poverty.
However, Mao Wenlong had an uncle who was an official. His mother's brother Shen Guangzuo was a Jinshi in the Wanli year, a high official such as the Chief Minister of Shandong and the Magistrate of Shun Tian. Since the Song Dynasty, Zhejiang Province had been famous for the college entrance examination, and Hangzhou was an area with high scores. Every year, there would be a large number of top students in the college entrance examination, and many of them would be in high positions in the officialdom for several years. Therefore, many families looked poor and did not do well, but if one was not careful, one could find a relative who was an official.
In 1605 (spring of the 33rd year of the Wanli calendar), Mao Wenlong was adopted by his uncle, Mao Dechun, who lived in Anshan, Liaodong, as his heir. He went north alone and first went to the capital to visit his maternal uncle Shen Guangzuo. Shen Guangzuo obviously had a wide network of contacts, so Mao Wenlong was recommended to serve under Count Ningyuan Li Chengliang (this step was very important. Without contacts, Mao Wenlong would not be able to climb up no matter how capable he was). In September of the same year, Mao Wenlong participated in the military examination in Liaodong and was ranked sixth. He was appointed as a Baihu of Anshan, and soon after, he was promoted to Qianzong. In 1608 (year 36 of the Wanli calendar), he was promoted to the garrison of Liaoyang. In the 47th year of the Wanli calendar (1619), Xiong Tingbi was in charge of Liaodong, and Mao Wenlong was promoted to the position of the military chief. In the first year of the Tianqi calendar (1621), he was promoted to a guerrilla officer.
At this time, Mao Wenlong was just a guerrilla officer. His official position was not low, but it was also not high. However, it was this guerrilla officer who did something that caused a sensation in the country that year: the surprise attack on Zhenjiang.
At that time, Mao Wenlong was facing the rapidly expanding Eight Flags Group. The Eight Flags Group of Wild Boar Skin only had two to three hundred thousand people. Originally, they could not control much territory. However, after the Battle of Sa Er Hu, the Ming Dynasty did not learn much. Instead, they made a series of stupid moves and lost a few cities. The Wild Boar Skin Group's territory expanded rapidly, and the number of enslaved people increased rapidly …
This situation was very similar to what period of time? Right, it was very similar to the situation of the locust army's invasion of China. It was also a situation where the occupied territory expanded rapidly, and the garrison troops stationed in the occupied territory were seriously insufficient. The foreign bandits never treated the people in the occupied territory as human beings. Naturally, they were very sharp. At this time, Liaodong looked like the Eight Flags Group of bandits were extremely vicious, but in fact, it was a dry grassland or even a barrel of explosives. As long as someone lit a fire, it would become a prairie fire.
However, just like the official sayings and clichés, the future was bright, but the road was tortuous. The phrase "a single spark can start a prairie fire" was very hot-blooded, very grand, and very noble, but the person who lit the fire had to bear the greatest danger and sacrifice. Because no matter if it was the Locust Army a few hundred years later or the Eight Banners Army of that time, they were all extremely powerful and vicious. If a group of guerrillas dared to oppose them, they would be wiped out, devoured, and exterminated.
In the process of Mao Wenlong's surprise attack on Zhenjiang, of course, it was also like a hot knife through butter. Mao Wenlong first took the head of the local Maintenance Association, Tong Yangzheng (at that time he was called Tong Yangzhen, but years later the history books of the Qing Dynasty changed his name to Tong Yangzheng in order to avoid the name of Yinzhen of the Qing Dynasty). He first sent people to bluff and create the illusion of the Liao people rebelling for Tong Yangzhen. Therefore, Tong Yangzhen hurriedly sent the Yellow Shoe Army to wipe out the enemy. As soon as the Yellow Shoe Army was dispatched, Zhenjiang Castle was naturally empty. What was worse was that the soldiers in Zhenjiang Castle who refused to join the puppet army became Mao Wenlong's mole. Zhenjiang Castle was easily breached, more than eight hundred puppet soldiers surrendered, and Tong Yangzhen and more than sixty of his servants were captured alive.
At that time, Tong Yangzhen was not a particularly conspicuous traitor, but his granddaughter was Pockmarked Kang's mother. After Tong Yangzhen was captured, he was escorted back to Beijing to be executed by dismemberment, just like Yuan Chonghuan. This caused my friend Dianying Kuiyuan to suspect that Tong Yangzhen wrote the poem "The Words Before the Execution" before Tong Yangzhen was executed by dismemberment, because the last line of the poem was "The loyal soul will still guard Liaodong". Yuan Chonghuan guarded Liaoxi and had never guarded Liaodong, while Tong Yangzhen was captured when he was guarding Liaodong for Nurhachi. Therefore, it was reasonable for Tong Yangzhen to claim that "The loyal soul will still guard Liaodong".
Then the anger of the Liao people in the occupied areas of Zhenjiang against the Later Jin was ignited, "The people were very happy, they welcomed them with wine and wine, no less than several hundred thousand people", followed by "the call to all the forts along the coast, within a thousand miles or so. The Later Jin and the people were killed everywhere, there were more than five thousand of them. The chariots and horses were tied up, they responded and ran, it was innumerable … "According to the theory of the female farmer who washed flowers in Yuan Bar years ago, this was another" blood debt "that the Han people owed to the Manchus.
At this moment, Mao Wenlong's situation was very good. It was a pity that the regular army that Mao Wenlong had brought with him was only less than 200 men. The rest were all attached to him. Although there were many of them, they did not have the time to train well with each other. As soon as the Later Jin counterattacked, Mao Wenlong had no choice but to turn around. The Later Jin army pursued and killed all the way to Korea, the Han people they passed were treated exactly the same as the Sanguang army. Mao Wenlong was surrounded by the Later Jin army at the edge of the forest, "seven battles a day, the casualties were equal". On the Ming army's side, "Ding Wenli, Li Guobao, Zha Weiqian, Han Shiqing, Mao Chengru and the others fought hard and died, Liu Yinke and Ma Qi were captured". The Later Jin army also suffered heavy losses and was forced to withdraw (Old Man Wen said that Mao Wenlong only brought a few people with him).
At this point, Mao Wenlong finally gained a firm foothold.
As for the battle of Zhenjiang, most of the Yuan Heresies praised Mao Wenlong's achievements, while Yuan Fen blamed Mao Wenlong's surprise attack on Zhenjiang caused the local Han people to be wiped out and brutally retaliated by the Later Jin army. What she meant was that since Mao Wenlong did not have the ability to immediately overthrow the Wild Boar Skin (Nurhachi) rebel rule, he should not have made a surprise attack on Zhenjiang, he should have let the Han people of Liaodong voluntarily become the Wild Boar Skin's obedient people.
Yuan Fen's theory seemed to be very strong, but it reminded people of the joke that the public scolded, also starting to rebel against the Locust army, causing the originally obedient people to turn into mobs. Some people even made up stories saying that they used the Locust army as a human shield to attack the Locust army from the dark. After the attack, they hid in the crowd and ran away, but they attracted hatred, so the Locust army wanted to kill and take revenge, so resistance was wrong, and surrender was reasonable.
This was also the most damaging reason among the many reasons that Yuan Fen attacked.
This theory seemed to be self-justifying, but there was one thing that could not be explained clearly: Was the massacre in Nanjing because of some force that started the guerrilla warfare in Nanjing that attracted the revenge of the Locust army? Similarly, when they were obedient people, did the Wild Boar Skin Bandits not commit any crimes? When Mao Wenlong attacked Zhenjiang, he only brought less than two hundred people, but the Han people killed more than five thousand of the Later Jin army. One could imagine how similar the Locust army, oh no, the Later Jin army and the Locust army were.
The most important thing was, many years later, the principal himself said, "There is no north or south, no old or young, we all have the responsibility to defend our land and resist the enemy."
Oh, yes, the American Patrick Henry said, "Is life so precious, is peace so sweet, that it's worth wearing shackles and being enslaved? Almighty God, stop them from doing this! I don't know what others will do; as for me, I'll either be punished, or I'll die! "
No one had the right to wear a watch and say that they wanted the people to be obedient people, whether it was the public scolding of Yuan Fen or the public scolding of Mao Wenlong.
Eight, Mao Wenlong Courted Death (II)
After the Battle of Linpan, Mao Wenlong used Pi Island, Tie Mountain, and Kuanao Mountain as his base to recruit refugees from Liaodong. He used the old and the weak as his people and the strong as his soldiers. From nothing, he gradually developed into a strong overseas force. In the sixth month of the second year of the Tianqi era (1622), the Ming court officially appointed Mao Wenlong as the Commander of the Army of Pingliao General.
There was a saying in modern times, "Vote with your feet." Liaodong originally had five or six million Han people, which made up the majority of the population. After the Eight Banners of the Later Jin Dynasty established their rule in Liaodong, they used the method of widening and concealing the class conflict. They deliberately divided the people into several classes, so that the Eight Banners of the Later Jin Dynasty had a higher status than the Han people. In other words, the Han people were cattle and sheep, while the Banners were wolves and dogs. The cattle and sheep could not escape from the Wild Boar Skin's slavery. The wolves and dogs were actually the dogs of the Wild Boar Skin's aristocratic group. In fact, they were no different from cattle and sheep. However, cattle and sheep and wolves hated each other and killed each other.
Of course, I, Quan Qing, will not tell the truth. After Mao Wenlong's surprise attack on Zhenjiang, the Wild Boar Skin ordered the Han people near Zhenjiang to move away. At the same time, he ordered the Zhens (the Zhens of the Eight Banners) to live together with the Han people.
The sixth year of Tianming, the eleventh month.
On the twenty-second day, the Khan sent an imperial edict, saying, "Previously I ordered the Zhens and Han people to live together, to share grain and feed their livestock. The Zhens are not allowed to bully the Han people, and they are not allowed to rob the Han people. If they rob or invade, and the Han people come to complain, they will be punished. The Han people are also not allowed to fabricate a rumor out of nothing. If the rumor is fabricated, when confronted by both parties, it is proven to be a forgery, the punishment will be heavier. The Zhens and the Han people are all Han people. The Khan used his golden mouth to instruct the Zhens and the Han people to be one, to live upright. If they do not obey, if they violate this instruction and commit a crime, the punishment will be heavier, and they will only have themselves to blame. The Zhens and the Han people are not allowed to waste money or buy or sell grain. If they know of any buyer or seller, they will be punished. When the grain cellars are opened, the Zhens and the Han people will open them together. The Han people and the Zhens will give the Han four buckets of grain every month. "
What a happy 'Paradise of the King'! There was nothing wrong with the wording, 'the Zhens are not allowed to bully the Han people', 'the Han people are also not allowed to fabricate a rumor out of nothing.' But whether it was the Zhens who oppressed the Han people, or the Han people who fabricated a rumor out of nothing, after being confronted by both parties, it was up to the officials in the wild boar's skin to decide.
The most important point was, 'the Zhens and the Han people are not allowed to waste money or buy or sell grain. If they know of any buyer or seller, they will be punished.' They were not allowed to buy or sell grain.
Hmm, there was also the even more deadly 'the Han people and the Zhens will give the Han four buckets of grain every month', the grain will be distributed uniformly. Do you know what this means? Famine is just around the corner! The Han people were originally living well, but with the arrival of the wild boar's skin, they were moved away. For the convenience of ruling, the Zhens were allowed to live with them, so that they could enslave and monitor them. Then the Han people's grain was plundered and distributed accordingly. The words were very nice, 'Do not hide the grain, report the number of buckets of stone. After reporting, take into account the population of the Zhens, give the Zhens four buckets of grain every month. This will be distributed until the ninth month, and the remaining grain will be returned to the grain owner. '
If your family has grain, I'll take away your grain and only give you rations. Next year in the ninth month, I'll return the rest to you. The Eight Banners of the wild boar's skin was originally a version of the House of Generals, the most violent, the most backward, and also the most corrupt. With this kind of method, it would be strange if there wasn't a famine. I originally thought that the large-scale famine would occur around the fifth year of the Tianqi era, but I didn't expect that the root of the problem would appear at the end of the first year of the Tianqi era, around the time of Mao Wenlong's attack on Zhenjiang.
From the moment this evil rule was established, it caused a great panic and a mass exodus of the Han people. Whether it's Liaoxi or Dongjiang, they all welcomed wave after wave of refugees. Old Six estimated that by the third year of the Tianqi era, at that time, one-third to half of the Liao people had fled. Today, Teacher Yan Chongnian claimed that the wild boar's skin had 'ten great achievements', including unifying the Jurchen tribes, unifying the northeast region, creating the Manchu language, establishing the Eight Banners system, promoting the formation of the Manchu people, establishing the Later Jin regime, rich military experience, formulating the policy of consoling Mongolia, promoting social reforms, and deciding to move the capital to Shenyang … But the millions of Han people in Liaoxi couldn't understand how great Teacher Yan Chongnian's so-called 'ten great achievements' were. It was just like how Yuan Hei couldn't imagine how great Teacher Yan Chongnian's' national hero ', Yuan Chonghuan, was.
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