The report began, but there was a small accident at the venue.
Because the protagonist of this report, Professor Enoch, seemed to be absent.
The atmosphere was very awkward.
Honestly speaking, Lu Zhou was also stunned by this accident. He wanted to talk to Professor Enoch face to face, but where was he?
Larter was sweating profusely as he explained, "Professor Enoch didn't come in time because of some personal matters, I'm contacting him …"
"Although notarization is a very serious topic, our time is also very precious," said a dark-skinned man who was sitting in the front row of the venue. He said in a dissatisfied tone, "I'm even wondering if Professor Enoch really cares about this issue."
Honestly speaking, the North American brothers did not like their African compatriots.
But for their own interests, they had to show that they cared.
Larter's forehead was sweating profusely, but in his heart, he was cursing that disappointing Enoch more than a dozen times.
The report was about to start, but Enoch went out to eat some hamburger. Enoch still hadn't come back after two hours.
Larter swore that this was the last time he would deal with a native Nigerian. This group of people did not care about contracts at all.
At this moment, an unexpected voice came from the side.
"Since Professor Enoch is busy, I'll go first so as not to waste everyone's time."
The main reason was that Lu Zhou did not want to waste any more time. He wanted to end this farce as soon as possible.
Larter was stunned.
He didn't expect that the person who helped him out of his predicament would actually be this fellow.
But …
Is this guy really going to help me?
It was too late for him to stop Lu Zhou.
Because Lu Zhou had already walked on stage, and the people in the audience obviously agreed with this proposal.
Larter tactfully stepped aside because he knew that if he stood up now, he would be at a disadvantage.
Lu Zhou stood on stage and did not think too much about other issues.
For him, he was already familiar with doing reports.
He just did not expect that his first Princeton lecture would not be in the mathematics building, but in the Princeton hotel next door.
Lu Zhou smiled and shook his head.
Forget it, I'll just treat it as practice.
He cleared his throat and slowly said, responding to the pairs of eyes in the audience.
"I see distrust in your eyes."
Although no one spoke below the stage, many people were looking at their watches or looking left and right …
However, this was normal. Lu Zhou had already expected this.
After a pause, he raised his voice slightly and continued.
"Because the person standing in front of you is an elite with the label of Princeton, and you don't trust elites the most, whether it's their character or their education. You're more eager to hear the voices that have been ignored. So, I bet that in a few months, most of you may vote for a fat man named Trump, because he is the only smart person who tries to stand in your perspective and speak your voice … Of course, this is not what I want to talk about today. "
"Before I begin, please remember my nationality. I am a scholar from China."
"Since you are so politically correct, then I want to ask, when you listen to the one-sided words of the Washington Times, did you ignore my voice because of the one-sided words of a white reporter?"
Lu Zhou's voice was not loud, but it was powerful.
The people sitting in the audience were all stunned and speechless.
It seems like …
Is this really the case?
At this moment, no one looked at their watches anymore. Instead, they subconsciously looked at the podium.
Many people who did not plan to listen to this report were pulled back to the venue.
Lu Zhou's mouth formed a subtle smile.
He had achieved his goal.
Larter's expression was gloomy. He kept making phone calls, but the other end of the phone was busy.
"What is this guy doing?"
He put his phone back into his pocket and glanced at the stage.
Although he wanted to kick this guy off the stage, he could not do so.
After all, he was the one who invited him to stand here.
But now, he was here.
Lu Zhou looked at the audience and continued to speak.
"Today, I probably won't use any esoteric mathematical symbols, nor will I talk about anything too difficult to understand … Of course, there might be one or two problems, so please don't mind. After all, some things can be described in common language, but some things are temporarily beyond my ability. "
He did not have Hawking's ability to explain complex propositions in common language.
However, there were some common sense things that he could talk about.
Lu Zhou made sure that every pair of eyes in the audience was looking at him. He turned around and wrote two lines of calculations on the blackboard behind him.
[If we do not use the Riemann conjecture, then π. If the Riemann conjecture is true, then π (x) = Li (x) + O (√ xlnx)]
Lu Zhou looked at the audience and smiled.
"Mathematics is a very magical thing, and the Riemann conjecture is also a great thing. Although you may not know what I wrote, I can tell you clearly that the first line of the formula is the foundation of number theory, which is the so-called prime number theorem. The second line is a more accurate prime number distribution formula obtained by Koch in 1901 based on the Riemann conjecture. Although this formula is not necessarily written in textbooks, it has been used for a century.
"If I were to write similar examples, I would be able to write more than ten, because there are too many.
"As for writing these two formulas, I just want to popularize some common sense things.
"Which is, for a conjecture with a high probability of being true, the general practice in mathematics is to use it first. How do you use it? At the beginning of the thesis, first assume that the Riemann conjecture is true, then start blah blah blah blah …
"As for why I suddenly mentioned this, it is mainly to answer Professor Enoch's thesis. In his thesis, he proposed a very 'novel' and interesting point of view. Under the condition that the Riemann conjecture is true, under the prime number distribution system constructed around the zeta function, is the Goldbach's conjecture true? "
Lu Zhou paused for a moment before he smiled and spoke.
"The reason why I say his point of view is' novel 'is because as of 2016, it's not like people haven't considered this situation in the past century. In fact, Hardy and Littlewood proved in the 1920s that under the condition that the generalized Riemann conjecture is true, the weak Goldbach's conjecture is true.
"But pay attention! I'm talking about the generalized Riemann conjecture, which is commonly known as GRH. It is completely different from the Riemann conjecture, which is abbreviated as RH. "
The people in the audience looked at each other. Obviously, they did not understand the meaning of this.
Since this was the case, didn't it mean that the generalized Riemann conjecture could prove the weak Goldbach's conjecture?
Then, they would think that the Riemann conjecture could prove the Goldbach's conjecture … But that was not the case.
As for why, it was similar to using Newton's theorem of motion to calculate the mass of an object at the speed of light. Anyone with a little understanding would know how ridiculous this was.
Lu Zhou smiled.
"It's easy to confuse the difference between GRH and RH just by looking at Wikipedia. This is really difficult for a lot of people, so we have to go back to textbooks or papers. Generally speaking, GRH is the object of discussion from the Riemann zeta function to the more general Dirichlet L function.
"There is nothing to say about the conceptual problem. If you want to talk about the 'system', only the Dirichlet L function can barely be compared to the weak Goldbach's conjecture. It can even prove the Goldbach's conjecture from a probability point of view … But the former, maybe you won't understand. It's really irrelevant. Anyone who knows anything about number theory will know.
"Even if it's just the history of number theory."
After a pause, Lu Zhou slowed down his tone and continued slowly.
"The interesting thing is that the Goldbach's conjecture was the closest to GRH in the 1920s, but it was also the only time. Because in less than 20 years, or to be precise, in 1937, Vinogradov and Esterman improved the circle method and proved the weak Goldbach's conjecture without the help of the generalized Riemann's conjecture. "
Then in 2012, Tao Zhexuan, who "knew a little of everything", proved that "odd numbers can be expressed as the sum of at most five prime numbers".
In just one year, Helfgott completely solved the "weak Goldbach's conjecture" and reduced this sufficiently large to a number that could be calculated.
And this was the result of completely breaking away from GRH, let alone RH.
In fact, it was not difficult to find that in many cases, the birth of a theorem was first established by mathematician A based on GRH or RH, and a beautiful conclusion 1 attracted everyone's interest.
Then mathematician B came out and tried to prove that conclusion 1 could be established without the help of GRH. If he could not prove it, mathematician C would consider proving a weaker conclusion than conclusion 1, which was established without the assumption that RH was established.
When conclusions 1, 2, 3 … N came out, everyone looked at it. Huh? The invented tools and established theories could already prove RH, so more and more people began to challenge this proposition. The Clay Institute would probably change the reward for RH to GRH.
Yes, abstract history was full of tricks.
But it was in this cycle that civilization was able to move forward.
Would someone drive the car in reverse and reconnect something that had already been severed from GRH?
Emm …
Although it was interesting to repeat the work of predecessors, what was the point of doing so? If a student did this, the professor would probably look at him approvingly and encourage him. However, if a professor or scholar did this, they would probably be looked at with care.
"The Riemann's conjecture is a very important thing. Maybe the Clay Institute will give Dr. Enoch an answer in the future, but this has nothing to do with me. I only explained the relationship between the Riemann's conjecture and Goldbach's conjecture in layman terms. "
Lu Zhou smiled and said, "If this isn't layman enough, I can make it even more layman.
"The prime numbers in the Riemann zeta function are used for multiplication, while the prime numbers in Goldbach's conjecture are used for addition!"
This statement was not accurate, but it was clear enough.
The audience below the stage smiled knowingly.
This was indeed a lot easier to understand.
Lu Zhou paused for a second before he smiled and said, "As for why Goldbach's conjecture is not as important as Riemann's conjecture, it's because for most people, prime numbers are used for multiplication! At the same time, these two propositions are not equivalent. They are not even in the same 'system'. This is not my side of the story. Even if you don't understand the difference between RH and GRH, you should know what Vinogradov did when he proved the three prime numbers theorem.
"And this is the dry goods you want."
The audience was dead silent.
Lu Zhou looked at the pairs of convinced eyes. He knew that it was almost time to end his report. He spoke in a soft voice and concluded his report.
"There are some conceptual things that can't be bypassed with just one sentence of a system. The entire mathematics system is shrouded in Peano's axioms, but not all problems are as obvious as Peano's axioms. Especially when you really understand it, you'll find that it's' 1 + 1 ', but' 1 + 1 'and' 1 + 1 = 2 'are actually completely different things. They're both 'prime numbers', and they even involve 'distribution', but the two are completely unrelated.
"As for myself, I'm definitely not great. I'm just standing on the shoulders of countless giants to see the scenery I'm seeing now. There was no need to mention Mr. Chen's contribution to the large sieve method. I also benefited a lot from the discussion with Professor Tao at Berkeley. Helfgott's thesis opened the door to a new world for me. They were all heroes of history, although only one name would be remembered by history. Even though they might only be remembered by history, their work can't be summarized in just three hours. Therefore, I sincerely thank them.
"Although it only took two months to complete this thesis, the specific work started a long time ago."
Although it was not anything profound, he tried his best to explain what he knew in a plain language.
However, Mr. Larter probably did not want to hear this.
Lu Zhou's guess was correct.
He even noticed that Larter, who was standing beside the podium, had fiery eyes. Larter clenched his fists so tightly that they were so white that they were turning green. He looked flustered and exasperated.
However, this did not change anything.
The United States was different from China. The root of the populism problem was that the White House and Wall Street would never say things that were too difficult for ordinary people to understand.
As for the solution to this problem, it was actually very simple.
All he had to do was say it.
If he wrote more than three lines of formulas on the whiteboard today, the New York Times and other more influential media would have a different style tomorrow.
But now, he felt like he had convinced at least some people.
Sometimes, Lu Zhou found out that he was not completely ignorant about politics. The things that science and empiricism taught him, he could even analyze the judgment logic that the system did not explain.
Maybe when he reached level 10, the system would no longer have any secrets in front of him.
He believed that he would see that day.
Lu Zhou sighed in his heart and gently put down the chalk.
The moment he put down the chalk.
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