Last year, when Li Zexuan was making telegraphs and voltaic batteries in the workshop, he had used a charcoal bamboo wire to conduct an experiment. The moment the wire was energized, it would emit a bright light. However, it was only for a moment. After that moment of light, the bamboo wire would burn into ashes due to heat!
Although the experiment failed, it at least proved that the charcoal bamboo wire could be used as a lamp wire. As long as it was not exposed to oxygen, it could be used to ensure its lifespan!
Today, Li Zexuan used candles to consume oxygen to ensure that there was no oxygen in the light bulb. In this way, the light bulb made from charcoal bamboo wire could be used for a very long time!
In 1854, a German clockmaker, Henry Gerber, who had immigrated to America, used a piece of charcoal bamboo wire placed in a vacuum glass bottle to make the first practical electric light bulb. It lasted for 400 hours, but he did not apply for a patent in time.
In 1874, two electrical engineers in Canada applied for a patent for an electric light bulb. Nitrogen gas was placed under a glass bulb, and the carbon rod was energized to emit light. However, they did not have enough money to continue perfecting this invention, so they sold the patent to Edison in 1875. After Edison bought the patent, he tried to improve the lamp wire. Finally, in 1880, he made a charcoal bamboo wire lamp that could last for 1200 hours.
This was already quite impressive. One must know that the lifespan of a tungsten lamp was only around 1500 hours. Before discovering and mining tungsten ores, using charcoal bamboo wire to replace tungsten wire was undoubtedly the wisest choice!
"Xiao Xuan! I brought the batteries! Is five enough? "
According to Li Zexuan's instructions, Yan Shaoning carried five voltaic batteries and walked into the laboratory.
Li Zexuan frowned and said, "It shouldn't be enough! But let's try it out first! "
The voltaic batteries made by the workshop to energize telegraphs had a voltage of about one volt and a current of about 500 milliamperes. Five of them in series only had a voltage of about five volts. However, the light bulb in his hand was not small. The charcoal bamboo wire inside was wound into a spiral shape, so the length was longer and the resistance was higher. Five volts and 500 milliamperes of current were probably not enough to light it up!
After saying that, Li Zexuan connected the five batteries in series. Then, from the top of the light bulb, he pulled out two copper wires. One end was connected to the positive electrode, the other end was connected to the negative electrode. Suddenly, the charcoal bamboo wire in the light bulb lit up faintly. This light was not as fleeting as the previous experiment. instead, it lasted for a long time. Seeing this, Li Zexuan could not help but breathe a sigh of relief.
"It's lit! It's lit! Yamachō! The light bulb is really lit! "
In the laboratory, Mo Lingwei saw the faint light from the electric lamp and couldn't help but cheer excitedly.
"Yup! It just feels like the brightness is not enough! "
Yan Shaoning looked up and down for a while and said regretfully.
"That's because the voltage is too low! If we increase the voltage, it will definitely be brighter. At least, it will be brighter than a candle! "
Li Zexuan smiled and said.
"Yup! Then can't we just ask Xiao Ningzi to bring a few more batteries? Xiao Ningzi, go quickly! "
Mo Lingwei pouted and ordered Yan Shaoning.
"Okay okay okay! Then I'll go get five more batteries! "
In the face of the "Goddess's Will", how could Yan Shaoning dare to disobey? He quickly stood up and was about to walk out of the house.
Speaking of which, the voltaic batteries made of salt water had a very low efficiency. Therefore, every voltaic battery was integrated with many small compartments to ensure that the voltage of each battery could be used. In this way, the weight of each battery was not light. The five batteries added together weighed about ten kilograms. Speaking of which, it was quite difficult for Yan Shaoning!
Seeing this, Li Zexuan quickly said,
"Forget it! There's no need! Since the light bulb can keep on, it means that our idea of making the light bulb is correct. It won't be too late to do the experiment when the dam is opened and the generator is officially generating electricity the day after tomorrow! Taking advantage of this time, we need to make a few sets of light bulbs with different voltages and leave them for the experiment with the generator and transformer the day after tomorrow! After all, no one knows what the voltage of the generator is. What's the voltage after the transformer conversion? "
Speaking of which, what did the academy lack the most? That would be all kinds of instruments and measuring tools!
First of all, due to the limitations of the technological conditions, the various measuring tools in ancient times were actually not accurate. Although the precision of things like rulers, scales, and measuring buckets could meet the daily needs, if used for precision manufacturing, it was far from enough!
Now, because of the Bahe Hydropower Station, Lantian County would be able to use electricity very soon. When it came to electricity, it would require measuring instruments such as voltmeters, ammeters, and ohmmeters. These things were not easy to manufacture. Furthermore, the unit standards for these new physical quantities had to be carefully considered and approved by the majority!
Li Zexuan planned to gather the elites of the academy and establish the Tang Dynasty Metrology Institution to unify the old units of measurement and set up a new standard for the new physical quantities. In addition, the measuring tools and measuring instruments used in engineering in the future would require the Tang Dynasty Metrology Institution to make a standard instrument. All the related instruments would have to be calibrated according to this standard instrument to ensure that the error was within an acceptable range!
After the Tang Dynasty Metrology Institution was established, Li Zexuan could continue to use the modern units of measurement such as meter, kilometer, gram, kilogram, volt, ampere, watt, kilowatt, and so on!
Furthermore, to engage in precision manufacturing in the Tang Dynasty, the first step was not to build machines, but to unify the measurement standards and create more precise measuring tools. Only then could they create more precise machine tools and more precise parts!
There was a saying that went, "A little mistake can lead to a great error". This saying was most suitable in the field of precision manufacturing!
"Oh! That's fine too! But Yamachō, how can we make the voltage of the lamp filament different ~? "
Mo Lingwei nodded thoughtfully, then asked doubtfully.
Yan Shaoning also looked at Li Zexuan. Mo Lingwei didn't understand the electricity part of the textbook. If Mo Lingwei didn't understand it, he naturally wouldn't understand it either!
Li Zexuan thought for a while and explained, "Under the same voltage, the lower the resistance of the filament, the higher the current passing through it. For example, if we connect a wire directly to the positive and negative ends of a battery, although the voltage of the battery is small, the resistance of the wire is close to zero. The current passing through it will be infinite, and the temperature of the wire and the battery will increase rapidly! Therefore, the higher the resistance, the higher the voltage it can withstand!
The reason why I made the filament into a spiral shape is to increase the length of the filament. The longer the filament, the higher the resistance. On the other hand, by making the filament into a spiral shape, it is equivalent to an inductor! In a DC stabilized circuit, the inductor is equivalent to a short circuit, and the resistance is negligible!
But in a sinusoidal alternating current, the inductor will form a certain resistance to the current! There will be voltage on both sides, and there will also be current passing through. The lower the frequency of the sinusoidal alternating current, the lower the resistance of the inductor, which is equivalent to a low-pass filter.
Therefore, by making the filament into a spiral shape, it is more beneficial to increase the voltage of the bulb! "
Mo Lingwei listened and digested it seriously for a while, then nodded and said, "Yes! Yamachō, I understand! Then let me make the electric lamps with different voltage values! "
She saw the whole process of Li Zexuan making the electric lamps. Overall, it wasn't difficult, so she took the initiative to ask.
Li Zexuan nodded and stood up. "That's good! Then I'll have to trouble Ink Girl! "
After he finished speaking, he glanced at Yan Shaoning and walked out of the door.
"Hehe! Wei Er, I'll help you! "
"Hmph! Who needs your help? "
"No! You see, we can't let a girl like you do this kind of rough work, right? "
"Hmm … That makes sense …"
Outside the house, Li Zexuan heard the conversation between the two and could not help but shake his head. He sighed as he walked. "Sigh! What a pair of quarrelsome lovers! "
…
"Open the gate! Let the water flow! "
Two days later.
All the construction of the canals and the installation of the waterwheel in Lantian County had been completed. In Lantian County, hundreds of thousands of acres of fertile land that had been dry for more than half a month could finally be nourished again!
Next to the Ba River Dam, under Li Zexuan's command, a gate of the dam was opened. The surging river water in the dam rolled down, and the water flowed directly into the canals through the waterwheel. Then, it flowed along the canals happily and surged forward!
"There's water! There's water! "
"There's finally water flowing into the fields! That's great! That's great! "
"Marquis is merciful! Otherwise, with this year's drought, our crops might not be harvested at all! "
"Yes! Yes! I heard that Marquis spent hundreds of thousands of strings of cash to build this dam! "
"And this canals, I heard that the cement used in it was all provided by Marquis himself. This stuff can't even be bought outside, but Marquis used it to build our canals. We must remember Marquis's kindness for the rest of our lives!"
"That's a must! To have such a good Marquis, our ancestors must have burned incense to thank them! Whoever doesn't remember Marquis's kindness is an ingrate and should be poked in the back! "
Looking at the large amount of water flowing into the newly built cement canals, the onlookers on the banks of the Ba River burst into cheers.
"County Magistrate He, immediately send people to each village to see if there's any problem with the water. If there's any problem, report to me immediately!"
On the bank, Li Zexuan ordered with his hands behind his back.
It was said that Lantian County was the first county around Chang 'an City to divert water into the fields. The main reason was that the canals were built early and the canals were completed early. And because of the dam, Lantian County had an abundant water source, which provided a huge convenience!
So, while other counties were busy building canals and loading water trucks, Lantian County had already diverted the water from the Ba River dam into the fields!
County Magistrate He's face was glowing. Lantian County was the first county to divert water into the fields. As a county magistrate, he was also proud. In the end, it was not in vain that he had led all the officials in the county yamen to work hard for the past few days.
Hearing Li Zexuan's order, he quickly cupped his hands and said, "Marquis, don't worry. I've already arranged for people to be stationed at each village! They will be here soon to report the situation to me! "
Li Zexuan nodded with satisfaction and said, "Mm! Not bad! Then report to me later! "
"Yamachō, a generator has started operating. The relays and transformers have been installed. Do you want to take a look?"
At this moment, Mo Huai and Mo Lingwei walked over from the embankment of the dam and said to Li Zexuan.
"Try! Of course, I have to try! "
Li Zexuan was shocked. Opening the dam to release water and irrigate the fields was important, but whether the generator could generate electricity was even more important. This was related to whether Lantian County could be directly brought from the age of agriculture to the age of electricity! He took two steps forward and said,
"Mr. Mo, in a while, use the relay switch to cut off the generator's output power. Then, connect the lights in parallel and turn on the relay switch to see if the lights can be turned on properly! The generator outputs high-voltage alternating current. If you're not careful, your life will be in danger! You must be careful when using electricity. It's best to wear insulated rubber gloves! "
Mo Huai nodded solemnly and said, "Yamachō! I understand! "
After saying that, he turned and walked toward the dam's control room.
After a while, under the curious gazes of the surrounding people, someone began to set up electric wires by the riverbank. There were more than ten fist-sized glass balls on the wires. The crowd couldn't help but discuss.
"What is Marquis doing? These wires don't look like hemp rope! "
"Of course they're not hemp rope. The wires are wrapped in rubber. As for what's inside, that's unknown!"
"Rubber? This thing was very precious! I wonder what's inside. Marquis is willing to spend so much! "
"I want to know what those glass balls are for! I feel like Marquis is going to do something new again! "
The surrounding people discussed animatedly. The Yanhuang College teachers who came to watch the ceremony were all clenching their fists tightly. They prayed in their hearts that the first generator experiment would succeed!
The construction of the generator and the power station could not be done without the silent efforts of the teachers of the College. The dam could be built by the people as long as the drawings were drawn. However, the hydropower station was different. It required the guidance of someone who was proficient in this field!
As the first trump card project of Yanhuang College, the teachers of the College, especially the teachers of the Physics Department, had contributed a lot of energy to the construction of the hydropower station over the past few months. As for whether it would succeed or not, it would depend on the experiment today!
"Yamachō, everything is ready. Do you want to turn on the switch and turn on the lights?"
An hour later, Mo Huai walked over and cupped his hands towards Li Zexuan as he asked.
"Turn on the lights! Be careful! "
Li Zexuan secretly clenched his hands and nodded.
He was nervous and excited at the same time!
…
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